Scientific debates often revolve around the issues of ‘unbiased science’ with the majority of scientists keeping themselves at arm’s length from policy-making to ensure their credibility. Participatory research has been shifting these dynamics and has led to the emergence of research practices and advice frameworks that allow co-creation of common knowledge bases for management. This chapter, following ...

Modern microbial biodesign relies on the principle that well-characterized genetic parts can be reused and reconfigured for different functions. However, this paradigm has only been successful in a limited set of hosts, mostly comprised from common lab strains of <i>Escherichia coli</i>. It is clear that new applications such as chemical sensing and event logging in complex environments will benefit ...

Arctic charr (<i>Salvelinus alpinus</i> (Linnaeus)) is a stenothermic cold‐water fish, which has been cultured in Northern Europe and North America since the 1980s. The industry has remained relatively small with an annual production between 6000 and 10 000 tonnes, and is still challenged by an unreliable offspring production. This review focuses on offspring production in Arctic charr aquaculture ...

Background: Buoyancy and balance are important parameters for slow-moving, low-metabolic, aquatic organisms. The extant coelacanths have among the lowest metabolic rates of any living vertebrate and can aford little energy to keep station. Previous observations on living coelacanths support the hypothesis that the coelacanth is neutrally buoyant and in close-to-perfect hydrostatic balance. However, ...

In the Northeast Atlantic deep-water shrimp (Pandalus borealis) trawl fishery, the bycatch of juvenile fish and shrimp represents a problem. This study evaluated if inserting a 200 mm mesh size top-panel in the last three sections of the tapered upper belly section of the trawl could reduce bycatch of juveniles while maintaining the catch efficiency for deep-water shrimp. The bycatch species ...

Living species vary significantly in phenotype and genomic content. Sophisticated statistical methods linking genes with phenotypes within a species have led to breakthroughs in complex genetic diseases and genetic breeding. Despite the abundance of genomic and phenotypic data available for thousands of species, finding genotype-phenotype associations across species is challenging due to the ...

Longlining is a widely used fishing method. During longline fishing, some of the snoods connecting the hooks to the mainline are often lost at sea. Since snoods are made of nylon or polyester, lost snoods contribute to marine plastic pollution. Replacing nylon or polyester with a new material made of biodegradable plastics can potentially reduce macro- and microplastic pollution that is caused by ...

Trawl codends are commonly made of diamond-mesh netting. However, diamond-mesh codends vary in mesh geometry along its length and during fishing due to catch build up. This introduces variability in the size selection process. This phenomenon compromises the rationality of regulating exploitation patterns in trawl fisheries through adjustments in codend mesh size. One technical solution often ...

Carnobacterium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, within family Carnobacteriaceae, and they are catalase- and oxidase-negative, non-sporing bacteria with properties such as CO² and L (+)- lactic acid production from glucose, but they are not able to grow on acetate agar. They are ubiquitous lactic acid bacteria and have been isolated from both cold and temperate environments, and ...

The Nordmøre grid and the sieve panel are two of the main devices used to reduce fish bycatch in trawl fisheries targeting shrimp species. However, even when using such devices, some small-sized fish enter the codend of the trawl together with the targeted shrimp. Therefore, bycatch reduction remains a problem in some shrimp fisheries. One such fishery is the Northeast Atlantic deep-water shrimp ...