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dc.contributor.authorSmith, Laurence C.
dc.contributor.authorYang, Kang
dc.contributor.authorPitcher, Lincoln H.
dc.contributor.authorOverstreet, Brandon T.
dc.contributor.authorChu, Vena W.
dc.contributor.authorRennermalm, Åsa K.
dc.contributor.authorRyan, Jonathan C.
dc.contributor.authorCooper, Matthew G.
dc.contributor.authorGleason, Colin J.
dc.contributor.authorTedesco, Marco
dc.contributor.authorJeyaratnam, Jeyavinoth
dc.contributor.authorvan As, Dirk
dc.contributor.authorvan den Broeke, Michiel R.
dc.contributor.authorvan de Berg, Willem Jan
dc.contributor.authorNoël, Brice
dc.contributor.authorLangen, Peter L.
dc.contributor.authorCullather, Richard I.
dc.contributor.authorZhao, Bin
dc.contributor.authorWillis, Michael J.
dc.contributor.authorHubbard, Alun Lloyd
dc.contributor.authorBox, Jason E.
dc.contributor.authorJenner, Brittany A.
dc.contributor.authorBehar, Alberto E.
dc.date.accessioned2018-09-10T09:36:07Z
dc.date.available2018-09-10T09:36:07Z
dc.date.issued2017-12-05
dc.description.abstractMeltwater runoff from the Greenland ice sheet surface influences surface mass balance (SMB), ice dynamics, and global sea level rise, but is estimated with climate models and thus difficult to validate. We present a way to measure ice surface runoff directly, from hourly in situ supraglacial river discharge measurements and simultaneous high-resolution satellite/drone remote sensing of upstream fluvial catchment area. A first 72-h trial for a 63.1-km<sup>2</sup> moulin-terminating internally drained catchment (IDC) on Greenland’s midelevation (1,207–1,381 m above sea level) ablation zone is compared with melt and runoff simulations from HIRHAM5, MAR3.6, RACMO2.3, MERRA-2, and SEB climate/SMB models. Current models cannot reproduce peak discharges or timing of runoff entering moulins but are improved using synthetic unit hydrograph (SUH) theory. Retroactive SUH applications to two older field studies reproduce their findings, signifying that remotely sensed IDC area, shape, and supraglacial river length are useful for predicting delays in peak runoff delivery to moulins. Applying SUH to HIRHAM5, MAR3.6, and RACMO2.3 gridded melt products for 799 surrounding IDCs suggests their terminal moulins receive lower peak discharges, less diurnal variability, and asynchronous runoff timing relative to climate/SMB model output alone. Conversely, large IDCs produce high moulin discharges, even at high elevations where melt rates are low. During this particular field experiment, models overestimated runoff by +21 to +58%, linked to overestimated surface ablation and possible meltwater retention in bare, porous, low-density ice. Direct measurements of ice surface runoff will improve climate/SMB models, and incorporating remotely sensed IDCs will aid coupling of SMB with ice dynamics and subglacial systems.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNASA Cryosphere Program The National Science Foundation Awards National Natural Science Foundation of China The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities NASA The Greenland Analogue Projecten_US
dc.descriptionSource at <a href=https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707743114> https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707743114</a>.en_US
dc.identifier.citationSmith, L.C., Yang, K., Pitcher, L.H., Overstreet, B.T., Chu, V.W., Rennermalm, Å.K., ... Behar, A.E. (2017). Direct measurements of meltwater runoff on the Greenland ice sheet surface. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(50), 10622-10631. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707743114en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1523709
dc.identifier.doi10.1073/pnas.1707743114
dc.identifier.issn0027-8424
dc.identifier.issn1091-6490
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/13736
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherNational Academy of Sciencesen_US
dc.relation.journalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/RCN/SFF/223259/Norway/Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate/CAGE/en_US
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7-IDEAS-ERC/610055/EU/Arctic Sea Ice and Greenland Ice Sheet Sensitivity/ICE2ICE/en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.subjectice sheet meltwater runoffen_US
dc.subjectsurface mass balanceen_US
dc.subjectclimate modelsen_US
dc.subjectfluvial catchmenten_US
dc.subjectsurface wateren_US
dc.subjecthydrologyen_US
dc.subjectVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Hydrologi: 454en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Hydrology: 454en_US
dc.titleDirect measurements of meltwater runoff on the Greenland ice sheet surfaceen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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