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dc.contributor.authorHjelmervik, Helene
dc.contributor.authorHausmann, Markus
dc.contributor.authorCraven, Alexander R.
dc.contributor.authorHirnstein, Marco
dc.contributor.authorHugdahl, Kenneth
dc.contributor.authorSpecht, Karsten
dc.date.accessioned2019-05-14T09:16:38Z
dc.date.available2019-05-14T09:16:38Z
dc.date.issued2018-01-31
dc.description.abstractCreatine is a key regulator of brain energy homeostasis, and well-balanced creatine metabolism is central in healthy brain functioning. Still, the variability of brain creatine metabolism is largely unattended in magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) research. In the human brain, marginal sex differences in creatine levels have been found in the prefrontal cortex. It is however not known to what degree these sex differences are stable or change with varying gonadal hormone levels. The current study therefore investigated creatine in the prefrontal cortex across the menstrual cycle. In addition, we explored cerebral asymmetries. Creatine, Choline (Cho), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Myo inositol (mI), and glutamate þ glutamine (Glx) were assessed three times in 15 women and 14 men using MRS. Women were tested in cycle phases of varying hormone levels (menstrual, follicular, and luteal phase). Prefrontal creatine was found to change across the menstrual cycle, in a hemisphere-specific manner. Women in the follicular phase showed increased left prefrontal creatine accompanied with reduced right prefrontal creatine, while this asymmetry was not present in the luteal phase. In men, the creatine levels remained stable across three testing sessions. In general, both men and women were found to have higher creatine levels in the left as compared to the right prefrontal cortex. Exploratory analyses of other metabolites showed similar asymmetries in NAA, Cho, and mI, while Cho also showed a menstrual cycle effect. This is the first time that sex hormone-related changes in creatine metabolism have been demonstrated in the human brain. These findings may have important methodological implications for MRS research, as it supports previous concerns against uncritical usage of creatine as a reference measure for other metabolites, assumed to be invariant across individuals and conditions.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipBergen Research Foundationen_US
dc.descriptionSource at <a href=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.043>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.043. </a>en_US
dc.identifier.citationHjelmervik, H., Hausmann, M., Craven, A.R., Hirnstein, M., Hugdahl, K. & Specht, K. (2018). Sex- and sex hormone-related variations in energy-metabolic frontal brain asymmetries: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. <i>NeuroImage, 172</i>, 817-825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.043en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1586349
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.043
dc.identifier.issn1053-8119
dc.identifier.issn1095-9572
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/15296
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.relation.journalNeuroImage
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/RCN/FRIMEDBIO/217932/Norway/It's time for some music//en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.subjectCreatineen_US
dc.subjectMR spectroscopyen_US
dc.subjectSex hormonesen_US
dc.subjectMenstrual cycleen_US
dc.subjectHemispheric asymmetryen_US
dc.subjectPrefrontal lobeen_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Basic medical, dental and veterinary science disciplines: 710en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Basale medisinske, odontologiske og veterinærmedisinske fag: 710en_US
dc.titleSex- and sex hormone-related variations in energy-metabolic frontal brain asymmetries: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy studyen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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