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dc.contributor.authorLamu, Admassu Nadew
dc.contributor.authorRobberstad, Bjarne
dc.contributor.authorHamre, Harald Johan
dc.contributor.authorAlræk, Terje
dc.contributor.authorMusial, Frauke
dc.contributor.authorBjörkman, Lars
dc.date.accessioned2021-11-17T13:05:49Z
dc.date.available2021-11-17T13:05:49Z
dc.date.issued2021-10-15
dc.description.abstractObjective - Many patients have medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS); some of them attribute their health complaints to dental amalgam fillings. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and responsiveness of General Health Complaints index (GHC-index) for measuring the symptom load in MUPS patients compared to the widely used symptom outcome measure, Giessen Subjective Complaints List (GBB-24).<p> <p>Methods - Three outcome measures – GHC-index, GBB-24, and Munich Amalgam Scale (MAS) – were administered at baseline and 12 months after removal of all dental amalgam restorations. The validity and responsiveness of these symptom measures were tested against external anchors: bodily distress syndrome (BDS), SF-36 vitality, and visual analogue scale (VAS). We tested both convergent and known group validities. We also examined the predictive validity and responsiveness to changes for each instrument.<p> <p>Results - All the main outcome measures showed evidence of convergent and known group validities. The GHC-index, GBB-24 and MAS were all able to detect the anticipated differences in BDS and Energy. But the GBB-24 was more efficient in discriminating the BDS compared with the GHC-index (relative efficiency: RE = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.41–0.96) and MAS (RE = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.32–0.86). Each main outcome variable revealed good predictive validity for vitality (standardized coefficient: b ≈ 0.71 and R<sup>2</sup> ≈ 0.50). Moderate to high sensitivity to change over time was demonstrated, with GHC-index performing better.<p> <p>Conclusion - The GHC-index is a valid and responsive instrument for assessing symptom load in MUPS patients attributing their health complaints to amalgam fillings and undergoing amalgam removal.en_US
dc.identifier.citationLamu AN, Robberstad, Hamre, Alræk, Musial, Björkman. Validity and responsiveness of GHC-index in patients with amalgam-attributed health complaints. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 2021en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1950792
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/00016357.2021.1989032
dc.identifier.issn0001-6357
dc.identifier.issn1502-3850
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/23037
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherTaylor & Francisen_US
dc.relation.journalActa Odontologica Scandinavica
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2021 The Author(s)en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, Social medicine: 801en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801en_US
dc.titleValidity and responsiveness of GHC-index in patients with amalgam-attributed health complaintsen_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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