Geospatial inequality of anaemia among children in Ethiopia

Abstract

Anaemia remains a severe public health problem among children in Ethiopia and targeted approaches, based on the distribution and specific risk factors for that setting are needed to efficiently target health interventions. An analysis was performed using Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data. Blood specimens for anaemia testing were collected from 9268 children aged 6-59 months. A child was considered as anaemic if the bloodhaemoglobin count was less than 11.0 g/dL. We applied Kulldorf’s spatial scan statistics and used SaTScanTM to identify locations and estimate cluster sizes. In addition, we ran the local indicator of spatial association and the Getis-Ord Gi* statistics to detect and locate hotspots and multilevel multivariable analysis to identify risk factors for anaemia clustering. More than half of children aged 6-59 months (57%) were found to be anaemic in Ethiopia. We found significant geospatial inequality of anaemia among children and identified clusters (hotspots) in the eastern part of Ethiopia. The odds of anaemia among children found within the identified cluster was 1.5 times higher than children found outside the cluster. Women anaemia, stunting and high fertility were associated with anaemia clustering.