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dc.contributor.authorSteiner, Nadja
dc.contributor.authorBowman, Jeff
dc.contributor.authorCampbell, Karley
dc.contributor.authorChierici, Melissa
dc.contributor.authorEronen-Rasimus, Eeva
dc.contributor.authorFalardeau, Marianne
dc.contributor.authorFlores, Hauke
dc.contributor.authorFransson, Agneta
dc.contributor.authorHerr, Helena
dc.contributor.authorInsley, Stephen J.
dc.contributor.authorKauko, Hanna Maria
dc.contributor.authorLannuzel, Delphine
dc.contributor.authorLoseto, Lisa
dc.contributor.authorLynnes, Amanda
dc.contributor.authorMajewski, Andy
dc.contributor.authorMeiners, Klaus M.
dc.contributor.authorMiller, Lisa
dc.contributor.authorMichel, Loic
dc.contributor.authorMoreau, Sebastien
dc.contributor.authorNacke, Melissa
dc.contributor.authorNomura, Daiki
dc.contributor.authorTedesco, Letizia
dc.contributor.authorvan Franeker, Jan Andries
dc.contributor.authorLeeuwe, Maria van
dc.contributor.authorWongpan, Pat
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-09T12:51:46Z
dc.date.available2022-03-09T12:51:46Z
dc.date.issued2021-10-13
dc.description.abstractA rigorous synthesis of the sea-ice ecosystem and linked ecosystem services highlights that the sea-ice ecosystem supports all 4 ecosystem service categories, that sea-ice ecosystems meet the criteria for ecologically or biologically significant marine areas, that global emissions driving climate change are directly linked to the demise of sea-ice ecosystems and its ecosystem services, and that the sea-ice ecosystem deserves specific attention in the evaluation of marine protected area planning. The synthesis outlines (1) supporting services, provided in form of habitat, including feeding grounds and nurseries for microbes, meiofauna, fish, birds and mammals (particularly the key species Arctic cod, Boreogadus saida, and Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, which are tightly linked to the sea-ice ecosystem and transfer carbon from sea-ice primary producers to higher trophic level fish, mammal species and humans); (2) provisioning services through harvesting and medicinal and genetic resources; (3) cultural services through Indigenous and local knowledge systems, cultural identity and spirituality, and via cultural activities, tourism and research; (4) (climate) regulating services through light regulation, the production of biogenic aerosols, halogen oxidation and the release or uptake of greenhouse gases, for example, carbon dioxide. The ongoing changes in the polar regions have strong impacts on sea-ice ecosystems and associated ecosystem services. While the response of sea-ice–associated primary production to environmental change is regionally variable, the effect on ice-associated mammals and birds is predominantly negative, subsequently impacting human harvesting and cultural services in both polar regions. Conservation can help protect some species and functions. However, the key mitigation measure that can slow the transition to a strictly seasonal ice cover in the Arctic Ocean, reduce the overall loss of sea-ice habitats from the ocean, and thus preserve the unique ecosystem services provided by sea ice and their contributions to human well-being is a reduction in carbon emissions.en_US
dc.identifier.citationSteiner, Bowman, Campbell, Chierici, Eronen-Rasimus, Falardeau, Flores, Fransson, Herr, Insley, Kauko, Lannuzel, Loseto, Lynnes, Majewski, Meiners, Miller, Michel, Moreau, Nacke, Nomura, Tedesco, van Franeker, Leeuwe, Wongpan. Climate change impacts on sea-ice ecosystems and associated ecosystem services. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene. 2021;9(1)en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1966378
dc.identifier.doi10.1525/elementa.2021.00007
dc.identifier.issn2325-1026
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/24354
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherBioOneen_US
dc.publisherUniversity of California Pressen_US
dc.relation.journalElementa: Science of the Anthropocene
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2021 The Author(s)en_US
dc.subjectKlimaendringer / Climate changeen_US
dc.subjectSjøis / Sea iceen_US
dc.subjectØkosystem / Ecosystemen_US
dc.titleClimate change impacts on sea-ice ecosystems and associated ecosystem servicesen_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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