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dc.contributor.authorMagnúsdóttir, Ingibjörg
dc.contributor.authorLovik, Anikó
dc.contributor.authorUnnarsdóttir, Anna Bára
dc.contributor.authorMcCartney, Daniel L.
dc.contributor.authorAsk, Helga
dc.contributor.authorKõiv, Kadri
dc.contributor.authorChristoffersen, Lea Arregui Nordahl
dc.contributor.authorJohnson, Sverre Urnes
dc.contributor.authorHauksdóttir, Arna
dc.contributor.authorFawns-Ritchie, Chloe
dc.contributor.authorHelenius, Dorte
dc.contributor.authorLu, Li
dc.contributor.authorEbrahimi, Omid Vakili
dc.contributor.authorHoffart, Asle
dc.contributor.authorPorteous, David J
dc.contributor.authorFang, Fang
dc.contributor.authorJakobsdottir, Johanna
dc.contributor.authorLehto, Kelli
dc.contributor.authorAndreassen, Ole
dc.contributor.authorPedersen, Ole
dc.contributor.authorAspelund, Thor
dc.contributor.authorValdimarsdottir, Unnur Anna
dc.date.accessioned2022-06-20T10:24:39Z
dc.date.available2022-06-20T10:24:39Z
dc.date.issued2022-03-14
dc.description.abstract<p><b>Background</b> Long-term mental and physical health consequences of COVID-19 (long COVID) are a persistent public health concern. Little is still known about the long-term mental health of non-hospitalised patients with COVID-19 with varying illness severities. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of adverse mental health symptoms among individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the general population by acute infection severity up to 16 months after diagnosis. <p><b>Methods</b> This observational follow-up study included seven prospectively planned cohorts across six countries (Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the UK). Participants were recruited from March 27, 2020, to Aug 13, 2021. Individuals aged 18 years or older were eligible to participate. In a cross-sectional analysis, we contrasted symptom prevalence of depression, anxiety, COVID-19-related distress, and poor sleep quality (screened with validated mental health instruments) among individuals with and without a diagnosis of COVID-19 at entry, 0–16 months from diagnosis. In a cohort analysis, we further used repeated measures to estimate the change in mental health symptoms before and after COVID-19 diagnosis. <p><b>Findings</b> The analytical cohort consisted of 247 249 individuals, 9979 (4·0%) of whom were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period. Mean follow-up was 5·65 months (SD 4·26). Participants diagnosed with COVID-19 presented overall with a higher prevalence of symptoms of depression (prevalence ratio [PR] 1·18 [95% CI 1·03–1·36]) and poorer sleep quality (1·13 [1·03–1·24]) but not symptoms of anxiety (0·97 [0·91–1·03]) or COVID-19-related distress (1·05 [0·93–1·20]) compared with individuals without a COVID-19 diagnosis. Although the prevalence of depression and COVID-19-related distress attenuated with time, individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 but never bedridden due to their illness were consistently at lower risk of depression (PR 0·83 [95% CI 0·75–0·91]) and anxiety (0·77 [0·63–0·94]) than those not diagnosed with COVID-19, whereas patients who were bedridden for more than 7 days were persistently at higher risk of symptoms of depression (PR 1·61 [95% CI 1·27–2·05]) and anxiety (1·43 [1·26–1·63]) than those not diagnosed throughout the study period. <p><b>Interpretation</b> Severe acute COVID-19 illness—indicated by extended time bedridden—is associated with long-term mental morbidity among recovering individuals in the general population. These findings call for increased vigilance of adverse mental health development among patients with a severe acute disease phase of COVID-19.<p><b>Funding</b> Nordforsk, Horizon2020, Wellcome Trust, and Estonian Research Council.en_US
dc.identifier.citationMagnúsdóttir, Lovik, Unnarsdóttir, McCartney, Ask, Kõiv, Christoffersen, Johnson, Hauksdóttir, Fawns-Ritchie, Helenius, Lu, Ebrahimi, Hoffart, Porteous, Fang, Jakobsdottir, Lehto, Andreassen, Pedersen, Aspelund, Valdimarsdottir. Acute COVID-19 severity and mental health morbidity trajectories in patient populations of six nations: an observational study. The Lancet Public Health. 2022;7(5):406-416en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 2013102
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00042-1
dc.identifier.issn2468-2667
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/25514
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.relation.journalThe Lancet Public Health
dc.relation.projectIDNordforsk: 105668en_US
dc.relation.projectIDNorges forskningsråd: 324620en_US
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ERC/H2020/847776/EU/Predicting comorbid cardiovascular disease in individuals with mental disorder by decoding disease mechanisms/CoMorMent/en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2022 The Author(s)en_US
dc.titleAcute COVID-19 severity and mental health morbidity trajectories in patient populations of six nations: an observational studyen_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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