Viser treff 369-388 av 698

    • Magnetotelluric signatures of the complex tertiary fold–thrust belt and extensional fault architecture beneath Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard 

      Beka, Thomas Ibsa; Bergh, Steffen G; Smirnov, Maxim; Birkelund, Yngve (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-12-18)
      Magnetotelluric (MT) data were recently collected on Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard, in a 0.003–1000 s period range along a curved WNW–ESE profile. The collected data manifested strong three-dimensional (3D) effects. We modelled the full impedance tensor with tipper and bathymetry included in 3D, and benchmarked the result with determinant data two-dimensional (2D) inversion. The final inversion results ...
    • Manganese/iron‐supported sulfate‐dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane by archaea in lake sediments 

      Su, Guangyi; Zopfi, Jakob; Yao, Haoyi; Steinle, Lea; Niemann, Helge; Lehmann, Moritz F (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-11-04)
      Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) by methanotrophic archaea is an important sink of this greenhouse gas in marine sediments. However, evidence for AOM in freshwater habitats is rare, and little is known about the pathways, electron acceptors, and microbes involved. Here, we show that AOM occurs in anoxic sediments of a sulfate‐rich lake in southern Switzerland (Lake Cadagno). Combined AOM‐rate ...
    • Mapping and characterization of unstable slopes with Sentinel-1 multi-geometry InSAR (activity line 2: public sector applications) 

      Lauknes, Tom Rune; Grahn, Jakob; Royet, Line; Larsen, Yngvar; Böhme, Martina; Dehls, John F.; Kristiansen, Lene (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2020)
      This is a high-level report that summarizes the main achievements and results of the research and development conducted in the project “Mapping and Characterization of unstable slopes with Sentinel-1 multi-geometry InSAR (activity line 2: public sector applications)”, where multi-geometry Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) is used for improving characterization of unstable ...
    • Marine CDOM accumulation during a coastal Arctic mesocosm experiment: No response to elevated pCO2 levels 

      Pavlov, Alexey K.; Silyakova, Anna; Granskog, Mats A.; Bellerby, Richard; Engel, Anja; Schulz, Kai G.; Brussaard, Corina P. D. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014-05-22)
      A large-scale multidisciplinary mesocosm experiment in an Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard; 78°56.2′N) was used to study Arctic marine food webs and biogeochemical elements cycling at natural and elevated future carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. At the start of the experiment, marine-derived chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) dominated the CDOM pool. Thus, this experiment constituted a ...
    • The marine sedimentary environments of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard: an archive of polar environmental change 

      Husum, Katrine; Howe, John A; Baltzer, Agnes; Forwick, Matthias; Jensen, Maria; Jernas, Patrycja; Korsun, Sergei; Miettinen, Arto; Mohan, Rahul; Morigi, Caterina; Myhre, Per Inge; Prins, Maarten A.; Skirbekk, Kari; Sternal, Beata; Boos, Michel; Dijkstra, Noortje; Troelstra, Simon R. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-09-16)
      Kongsfjorden, a fjord in north-western Svalbard, is characterized by large environmental gradients driven by meltwater processes along the margins of tidewater glaciers and the inflow of relatively warm Atlantic Water, the main heat source for the European Arctic. These factors make Kongsfjorden a key area to investigate changes in the polar climate–ocean–glacier system and to examine the resulting ...
    • Mechanical properties and recrystallization of quartz in presence of H<inf>2</inf>O: Combination of cracking, subgrain rotation and dissolution-precipitation processes 

      Pongrac, Petar; Jeřábek, Petr; Stunitz, Holger; Raimbourg, Hugues; Heilbronner, Renee; Racek, Martin; Nègre, Lucille (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-05-21)
      Natural quartzite samples, as-is and with 0.1 wt% of added H<sub>2</sub>O, have been deformed up to ∼30% bulk strain in axial shortening experiments with constant strain rate of ∼10<sup>−6</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> at 900 °C and 1 GPa, and in strain rate stepping ∼10<sup>−5</sup> to ∼10<sup>−7</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> at 900 °C and 1–1.5 GPa, in order to investigate the role of H<sub>2</sub>O in deformation ...
    • Meter-Scale 3D Seismic Data for High-Resolution Site Characterization 

      Lebedeva-Ivanova, Nina; Polteau, Stephane; Zastrozhnov, Dmitry; Planke, Sverre; Waage, Malin; Bünz, Stefan; Bellwald, Benjamin; Vanneste, Maarten; Sauvin, Guillaume; Myklebust, R. (Conference object; Konferansebidrag, 2019-06-03)
      High-resolution 3D site characterization can deliver reliable quantitative property volumes of the subsurface when based on seismic data able to image meter-sized objects. Following the theoretical analysis of seismic wave propagation in the shallow sub-surface, we present case studies based on re-processing of 3D P-Cable seismic data. The case study of data re-processing from the Vestnesa Ridge ...
    • Methane at Svalbard and over the European Arctic Ocean 

      Platt, Stephen Matthew; Eckhardt, Sabine; Ferré, Benedicte; Fisher, Rebecca E.; Hermansen, Ove; Jansson, Pär; Lowry, David; Nisbet, Euan G.; Pisso, Ignacio; Schmidbauer, Norbert; Silyakova, Anna; Stohl, Andreas; Svendby, Tove Marit; Vadakkepuliyambatta, Sunil; Mienert, Jurgen; Myhre, Cathrine Lund (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-12-05)
      Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) is a powerful greenhouse gas. Its atmospheric mixing ratios have been increasing since 2005. Therefore, quantification of CH<sub>4</sub> sources is essential for effective climate change mitigation. Here we report observations of the CH<sub>4</sub> mixing ratios measured at the Zeppelin Observatory (Svalbard) in the Arctic and aboard the research vessel (RV) Helmer Hanssen ...
    • Methane cold seeps as biological oases in the high-Arctic deep sea 

      Åström, Emmelie; Carroll, Michael Leslie; Ambrose, William; Sen, Arunima; Silyakova, Anna; Carroll, JoLynn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-10-27)
      Cold seeps can support unique faunal communities via chemosynthetic interactions fueled by seabed emissions of hydrocarbons. Additionally, cold seeps can enhance habitat complexity at the deep seafloor through the accretion of methane derived authigenic carbonates (MDAC). We examined infaunal and megafaunal community structure at high-Arctic cold seeps through analyses of benthic samples and ...
    • Methane hydrate formation in Ulleung basin under conditions of variable salinity: reduced model and experiments 

      Peszynska, Malgorzata; Hong, Wei-Li; Torres, Marta E.; Kim, Ji-Hoon (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-06-13)
      In this paper, we present a reduced model of methane hydrate formation in variable salinity conditions, with details on the equilibrium phase behavior adapted to a case study from Ulleung Basin. The model simplifies the comprehensive model considered by Liu and Flemings using common assumptions on hydrostatic pressure, geothermal gradient, and phase incompressibility, as well as a simplified ...
    • Methane release from open leads and new ice following an Arctic winter storm event 

      Silyakova, Anna; Nomura, Daiki; Kotovitch, Marie; Fransson, Agneta; Delille, Bruno; Chierici, Melissa; Granskog, Mats A. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-08-03)
      We examine an Arctic winter storm event, which led to ice break–up, the formation of open leads, and the subsequent freezing of these leads. The methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) concentration in under–ice surface water before and during the storm event was 8–12 nmol L<sup>−1</sup>, which resulted in a potential sea–to–air CH<sub>4</sub> flux ranging from +0.2 to +2.1 mg CH<sub>4</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> ...
    • Methane release from pingo-like features across the South Kara Sea shelf, an area of thawing offshore permafrost 

      Serov, Pavel; Portnov, Aleksei D; Mienert, Jurgen; Semenov, Peter; Ilatovskaya, Polonia (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-07-16)
      The Holocene marine transgression starting at ~19 ka flooded the Arctic shelves driving extensive thawing of terrestrial permafrost. It thereby promoted methanogenesis within sediments, the dissociation of gas hydrates, and the release of formerly trapped gas, with the accumulation in pressure of released methane eventually triggering blowouts through weakened zones in the overlying and thinned ...
    • Methane seepage at Vestnesa Ridge (NW Svalbard) since the Last Glacial Maximum 

      Schneider, Andrea; Panieri, Giuliana; Lepland, Aivo; Consolaro, Chiara; Crémière, Antoine; Forwick, Matthias; Johnson, J.E.; Plaza-Faverola, Andreia; Sauer, Simone; Knies, Jochen (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-06-21)
      <p>Multiple proxies in the geological record offshore NW Svalbard track shallow subseafloor diagenesis and seafloor methane seepage during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) extent and the disintegration of the Svalbard Barents Sea Ice Sheet (SBIS). Vestnesa Ridge, located at 79°N and in 1200 m water depth, is one of the northernmost known active methane seep sites and is characterised by a subseafloor ...
    • Methane transport and sources in an Arctic deep-water cold seep offshore NW Svalbard (Vestnesa Ridge, 79°N) 

      Sauer, Simone; Hong, Wei-Li; Yao, Haoyi; Lepland, Aivo; Klug, Martin; Eichinger, Florian; Himmler, Tobias; Cremiere, Antoine; Panieri, Giuliana; Schubert, Carsten J.; Knies, Jochen (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-10-29)
      We investigate the uppermost 60 cm of sediment in active pockmarks of a deep-water methane seep site from Vestnesa Ridge offshore NW Svalbard. Using video guided core sampling with a remotely operated vehicle we collected push cores directly from bacterial mats within two active pockmarks, Lunde and Lomvi. Pore water analyses show very shallow sulphate methane transition zones and transport-reaction ...
    • Methane- and dissolved organic carbon-fueled microbial loop supports a tropical subterranean estuary ecosystem 

      Brankovits, D.; Pohlman, J.W.; Niemann, Helge; Leigh, M.B.; Leewis, M.C.; Becker, K.W.; Iliffe, F.A.; Lehmann, M.F.; Phillips, B. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-11-28)
      Subterranean estuaries extend inland into density-stratified coastal carbonate aquifers containing a surprising diversity of endemic animals (mostly crustaceans) within a highly oligotrophic habitat. How complex ecosystems (termed anchialine) thrive in this globally distributed, cryptic environment is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that a microbial loop shuttles methane and dissolved organic ...
    • Methane-fuelled biofilms predominantly composed of methanotrophic ANME-1 in Arctic gas hydrate-related sediments 

      Gründger, Friederike; Carrier, Vincent; Svenning, Mette Marianne; Panieri, Giuliana; Vonnahme, Tobias R.; Klasek, Scott; Niemann, Helge (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07-05)
      Sedimentary biofilms comprising microbial communities mediating the anaerobic oxidation of methane are rare. Here, we describe two biofilm communities discovered in sediment cores recovered from Arctic cold seep sites (gas hydrate pingos) in the north-western Barents Sea, characterized by steady methane fluxes. We found macroscopically visible biofilms in pockets in the sediment matrix at the depth ...
    • Methods for Predicting the Likelihood of Safe Fieldwork Conditions in Harsh Environments 

      Leidman, Sasha Z.; Rennermalm, Åsa K.; Broccoli, Anthony J.; van As, Dirk; van den Broeke, Michiel R.; Steffen, Konrad; Hubbard, Alun Lloyd (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-30)
      Every year, numerous field teams travel to remote field locations on the Greenland ice sheet to carry out polar research, geologic exploration, and other commercial, military, strategic, and recreational activities. In this region, extreme weather can lead to decreased productivity, equipment failure, increased stress, unexpected logistical challenges, and, in the worst cases, a risk of physical ...
    • Microbial activity, methane production, and carbon storage in Early Holocene North Sea peats 

      Lippmann, Tanya J. R.; 't Zandt, Michiel H. in; Van der Putten, Nathalie N. L.; Busschers, Freek S.; Hijma, Marc P.; van der Velden, Pieter; de Groot, Tim; van Aalderen, Zicarlo; Meisel, Ove H.; Slomp, Caroline P.; Niemann, Helge; Jetten, Mike S. M.; Dolman, Han A. J.; Welte, Cornelia U. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-11)
      <p>Northern latitude peatlands act as important carbon sources and sinks, but little is known about the greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets of peatlands that were submerged beneath the North Sea during the last glacial–interglacial transition. <p>We found that whilst peat formation was diachronous, commencing between 13 680 and 8360 calibrated years before the present, stratigraphic layering and local ...
    • Microbial communities from Arctic marine sedimentsrespond slowly to methane addition duringex situenrichments 

      Klasek, Scott; Torres, Martha; Bartlett, Douglas H.; Tyler, Madeline; Hong, Wei-Li; Colwell, Frederick (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-12-15)
      Anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) consume methane in marine sediments, limiting its release to the water column, but their responses to changes in methane and sulfate supplies remain poorly constrained. To address how methane exposure may affect microbial communities and methane‐ and sulfur‐cycling gene abundances in Arctic marine sediments, we collected sediments from offshore Svalbard that ...
    • Microbial methane formation in deep aquifers of a coal-bearing sedimentary basin, Germany 

      Gründger, Friederike; Jimenez, N.; Thielemann, T.; Straaten, N.; Lüders, T.; Richnow, H. H.; Krüger, M. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-03-20)
      Coal-bearing sediments are major reservoirs of organic matter potentially available for methanogenic subsurface microbial communities. In this study the specific microbial community inside lignite-bearing sedimentary basin in Germany and its contribution to methanogenic hydrocarbon degradation processes was investigated. The stable isotope signature of methane measured in groundwater and coal-rich ...