Iodinated aromatics are excellent starting materials for further elaboration via transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Considering the diverse applications of porphyrins and corroles - as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy, dye sensitized solar cells, near-infrared dyes, gas sensors, nonlinear optical materials, and catalysts - the synthetic potential of β-polyiodinated or ...

With the Arctic sea ice continuously decreasing in both extent and thickness, fast and robust production of reliable ice charts becomes more important to ensure the safety of Arctic operations. This thesis focuses on the development of automated algorithms for the mapping of sea ice from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. It presents a thorough background on the topics of sea ice observations ...

Polar lows are small, but extreme cyclones that develop in marine polar air mass. They feature one of the largest natural hazards in the polar regions. Their associated strong winds, high waves, substantial amounts of snow fall, low visibility and possibility for ice accumulation on ships and airplanes cause threats for coastal communities and marine operations. Hence, accurate prediction of polar ...

Our understanding of how antimicrobial resistance enzymes evolve to expand their substrate spectrum is limited. OXA-48, an enzyme able to catalyse the hydrolysis of β-lactam drugs, has become one of the most successfully disseminating β-lactamases. Although OXA-48 hydrolyses penicillins with high efficiency, its activity towards oxyimino cephalosporins, such as ceftazidime, is limited. Thus, ceftazidime ...

Polar amplification is a prominent feature of recent and projected climate change. The Arctic region shows some of the strongest signs of climate change, including sea-ice retreat and temperatures increasing at twice the rate averaged over the northern hemisphere. A major concern for humanity is the sea-level rise associated with the melting of the ice-sheets and glaciers due to climate change. The ...

Super-resolution microscopy techniques improve the resolution of the optical microscope beyond the diffraction limit of light. A range of different techniques demands different optical configurations and clever illuminating strategies to enhance the resolution. This has led to the development of advanced instrumentation, where the super-resolution mechanisms are adding both cost and bulk to the ...

Optical waveguides are used to confine propagating light. In a dielectric waveguide, a small part of the propagating light travels along and just outside the waveguide surface. This evanescent field can interact with objects on the waveguide surface. Two effects of this light-matter interaction are presented, optical forces and Raman scattering. Optical forces are caused by changes in the momentum ...

<p>This thesis addresses various aspects of monitoring water quality indicators (WQIs) using optical remote sensing technologies. The dynamic nature of aquatic systems necessitate frequent monitoring at high spatial resolution. Machine learning (ML)-based algorithms are becoming increasingly common for these applications. ML algorithms are required to be trained by a significant amount of training ...

The internal variability of most Earth surface temperatures has a power spectral density well described by a power law, S(f) ~ f^-β, and we typically observe 0 < β < 1. This characterizes variability exhibiting long-range dependence (LRD), which has no characteristic time scale. However, there is no consensus about the physical mechanisms behind this property, and the topic of this thesis ...

The scope of this PhD thesis is twofold: Firstly, processes, patterns and timing of the last deglaciation in the Barents Sea are reconstructed and secondly, depositional conditions on the Barents shelf during Holocene are elucidated. This cumulative PhD thesis encompasses an introductory part and five papers - three as first-author and two as co-author. Three papers are focused on the most prominent ...