This thesis is concerned with computer modelling of molecules interacting with electromagnetic radiation (light, radio waves, etc.), static electric and magnetic fields (in the laboratory), as well as approximate treatments of the motions of the molecules' atomic nuclei (vibration). Compared to interactions between electrons or between electron and nucleus, these interactions are small, and well ...

The aim of this PhD thesis is to deliver improved quantitative reconstructions of sub-surface temperatures, salinities and seasonal sea ice distribution. Additionally, the natural variability of Atlantic water inflow and seasonal sea ice distribution and possible forcing mechanisms such as solar insolation, atmospheric circulation patterns (e.g. North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)) and atmosphere-sea ...

CO₂ is a non-toxic, abundant and readily available gas, which has the potential to become an important carbon source in chemical synthesis. The clear advantage of CO₂ is its sustainability, in contrast to typical carbon sources such as oil, coal, or natural gas, which are in the process of depletion. However, the use of CO₂ also poses a big challenge as it features ...

Larger fjords along the Norwegian coast are ice free all year due to the influence of warm Atlantic water, however, sea ice can form in the inner parts of fjords and in smaller fjord branches. While a wide breadth of work exists examining mainland Norwegian fjords often focused on water mass dynamics and their link to biological processes, little research has been conducted on specifically sea ice ...

This thesis investigates the interaction of the Antarctic ice shelves along the coast of Dronning Maud Land with the ocean circulation in the Eastern Weddell Sea. A set of direct oceanic observations below the Fimbul Ice Shelf, which were acquired during three Antarctic field seasons in the austral summers 2009/10, 2010/11 and 2011/12, is a central element of the presented work. This new oceanographic ...

<p>The amounts of data in the world have increased dramatically in recent years, and it is quickly becoming infeasible for humans to label all these data. It is therefore crucial that modern machine learning systems can operate with few or no labels. The introduction of deep learning and deep neural networks has led to impressive advancements in several areas of machine learning. These advancements ...

Bacteria are the most abundant organisms and can be found in different habitats, from polar regions, deserts and volcanoes, deep ocean trenches to the upper atmosphere. In all these environments, they are exposed to various chemical hazards, such as antibacterial chemicals (antibiotics) produced by other organisms that are found in the same habitat. In addition, they are exposed to threats from ...

The vast volume of scientific data produced today requires tools that can enable scientists to explore large amounts of data to extract meaningful information. One such tool is interactive visualization. The amount of data that can be simultaneously visualized on a computer display is proportional to the display’s resolution. While computer systems in general have seen a remarkable increase in ...

We know that the visible Aurora Borealis is structured on many different scales, down to a few tens of metres. By using the EISCAT radars on Svalbard as an interferometer, we have found structures in the radio echoes from the auroral ionosphere on a scale approaching that of the visible aurora, and simultaneously with it, but at far greater ranges. In this thesis we discuss how these radar observations ...

The thesis investigates imaging in the vertical direction of different types of ice in the arctic using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) tomography and SAR interferometry. In the first part, the magnitude and the positions of the dominant scattering contributions within snow covered fjord and lake ice layers are effectively identified by using a very high resolution ground-based tomographic SAR system. ...