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dc.contributor.authorCalabrese, Sara
dc.contributor.authorImsland, Albert K. D.
dc.contributor.authorNilsen, Tom Ole
dc.contributor.authorKolarevic, Jelena
dc.contributor.authorEbbesson, Lars O.E.
dc.contributor.authorHosfeld, Camilla Diesen
dc.contributor.authorFivelstad, Sveinung
dc.contributor.authorPedrosa, Cindy
dc.contributor.authorTerjesen, Bendik Fyhn
dc.contributor.authorStefansson, Sigurd O.
dc.contributor.authorTakle, Harald Rune
dc.contributor.authorSveier, Harald
dc.contributor.authorMathisen, Frode
dc.contributor.authorHandeland, Sigurd Olav
dc.date.accessioned2023-08-09T09:28:29Z
dc.date.available2023-08-09T09:28:29Z
dc.date.issued2023-05-26
dc.description.abstractEnvironmental challenges related to open sea cage production of Atlantic salmon have sparked interest in developing commercial-scale semi-closed sea systems for post-smolt Atlantic salmon (100–1000 g). Determining the mass-specific water flow required by post-smolts will largely influence the design and dimensioning of such systems. In this experiment, post-smolts were exposed to four levels of specific water flow: 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 L kg fish−1 min−1. All treatments involved flow-through seawater with full oxygenation, a salinity of 34‰, and a mean temperature of 9.3 °C. The stocking density was kept stable at 75 kg m−3. Water pH decreased with reduced flow, while partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) in the water increased. The increase in water CO2 was reflected in the blood with increased pCO2, HCO3−, and decreased Cl− in the lowest water flow treatment (0.2 L kg fish−1 min−1), indicating a typical regulatory response to increased water CO2 over the eight-week experimental period. No negative effects on osmoregulation, external macroscopic welfare, or performance indicators were observed, suggesting that within the time period of this experiment, post-smolts can compensate for reductions in water flow down to 0.2 L kg fish−1 min−1. However, to avoid activating and exhausting potentially energy-costly physiological regulatory mechanisms, it is suggested to keep specific water flow above 0.3 L kg fish−1 min−1 in large-scale operations with semi-closed sea systems at intermediate temperatures.en_US
dc.identifier.citationCalabrese S, Imsland A, Nilsen TO, Kolarevic J, Ebbesson L, Hosfeld CD, Fivelstad S, Pedrosa C, Terjesen Bf, Stefansson SO, Takle HR, Sveier H, Mathisen F, Handeland SO. Water Flow Requirements of Post-smolt Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Reared in Intensive Seawater Flow-through Systems: A Physiological Perspective. Fishes. 2023;8(6)en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 2163281
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/fishes8060285
dc.identifier.issn2410-3888
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/29812
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.relation.journalFishes
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2023 The Author(s)en_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)en_US
dc.titleWater Flow Requirements of Post-smolt Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Reared in Intensive Seawater Flow-through Systems: A Physiological Perspectiveen_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)