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dc.contributor.authorIdland, Siri
dc.contributor.authorKramer-Johansen, Jo
dc.contributor.authorBakke, Håkon Kvåle
dc.contributor.authorHjortdahl, Magnus
dc.date.accessioned2023-09-11T07:52:22Z
dc.date.available2023-09-11T07:52:22Z
dc.date.issued2023-04-04
dc.description.abstractBackground Injuries are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Bystanders at the scene can perform first aid measures before the arrival of health services. The quality of first aid measures likely affects patient outcome. However, scientifc evidence on its efect on patient outcome is limited. To properly assess bystander first aid quality, measure effect, and facilitate improvement, validated assessment tools are needed. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a First Aid Quality Assessment (FAQA) tool. The FAQA tool focuses on first aid measures for injured patients based on the ABC-principle, as assessed by ambulance personnel arriving on scene.<p> <p>Methods In phase 1, we drafted an initial version of the FAQA tool for assessment of airway management, control of external bleeding, recovery position and hypothermia prevention. A group of ambulance personnel aided presenta‑ tion and wording of the tool. In phase 2 we made eight virtual reality (VR) films, each presenting an injury scenario where bystander performed frst aid. In phase 3, an expert group discussed until consensus on how the FAQA tool should rate each scenario. Followingly, 19 respondents, all ambulance personnel, rated the eight films with the FAQA tool. We assessed concurrent validity and inter-rater agreement by visual inspection and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. <p>Results FAQA-scores by the expert group concurred with±1 of the median of the respondents on all first aid meas‑ ures for all eight films except one case, where a deviation of 2 was seen. The inter-rater agreement was “very good” for three first aid measures, “good” for one, and “moderate” for the scoring of overall quality on first aid measures. <p>Conclusion Our findings show that it is feasible and acceptable for ambulance personnel to collect information on bystander first aid with the FAQA tool and will be of importance for future research on bystander first aid for injured patients.en_US
dc.identifier.citationIdland S, Kramer-Johansen J, Bakke HK, Hjortdahl M. Assessing bystander first aid: development and validation of a First Aid Quality Assessment (FAQA) tool. BMC Emergency Medicine. 2023en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 2172844
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s12873-023-00811-z
dc.identifier.issn1471-227X
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/30866
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherBMCen_US
dc.relation.journalBMC Emergency Medicine
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2023 The Author(s)en_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)en_US
dc.titleAssessing bystander first aid: development and validation of a First Aid Quality Assessment (FAQA) toolen_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Med mindre det står noe annet, er denne innførselens lisens beskrevet som Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)