Authoritarianism vs. Autonomy in Dystopian Literature; A literary study of A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess and 1984 by George Orwell

Abstract

This thesis conducts a comparative literary analysis of Anthony Burgess's A Clockwork Orange and George Orwell's 1984, examining the themes of authoritarianism and personal autonomy. Through a detailed examination of the narrative structures, character development, and thematic elements, this study explores how these dystopian novels depict totalitarian societies that use psychological and physical controls to suppress individual freedoms. These works serve as profound critiques of extreme political regimes, revealing the dire consequences of authoritarian governance.

The analysis incorporates theoretical insights from Hannah Arendt, John Stuart Mill and Robert Nozick to frame the discussion of personal autonomy and state control. By comparing the protagonists' struggles within their oppressive environments, this study highlights the ongoing battle for personal autonomy and the human spirit's resilience. Additionally, the thesis extends to the implications of these themes in contemporary society, particularly concerning issues of surveillance, freedom of speech, and governmental overreach.

Furthermore, the educational significance of dystopian literature is explored, advocating for its use as a tool to foster critical thinking and ethical reasoning in academic settings. This research contributes to the broader understanding of how dystopian fiction can reflect and challenge real-world political and social dynamics, emphasizing the relevance of literary studies in contemporary discourse.