Institutt for medisinsk biologi: Recent submissions
Now showing items 221-240 of 1154
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Mechanisms of Selective Autophagy
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-06-21)Selective autophagy is the lysosomal degradation of specific intracellular components sequestered into autophagosomes, late endosomes, or lysosomes through the activity of selective autophagy receptors (SARs). SARs interact with autophagy-related (ATG)8 family proteins via sequence motifs called LC3-interacting region (LIR) motifs in vertebrates and Atg8-interacting motifs (AIMs) in yeast and plants. ... -
SAMM50 is a receptor for basal piecemeal mitophagy and acts with SQSTM1/p62 in OXPHOS-induced mitophagy
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-18)Mitophagy, the clearance of surplus or damaged mitochondria or mitochondrial parts by autophagy, is important for maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Whereas knowledge on programmed and stress-induced mitophagy is increasing, much less is known about mechanisms of basal mitophagy. Recently, we identified SAMM50 (SAMM50 sorting and assembly machinery component) as a receptor for piecemeal degradation ... -
Exposure to Bioaerosols during Fish Processing on Board Norwegian Fishing Trawlers
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-06-10)Objectives - The main objective was to gain more knowledge on exposure to bioaerosols in the processing area on board fishing trawlers.<p> <p>Methods - Exposure sampling was carried out during the work shifts when processing fish in the processing area on board five deep-sea fishing trawlers (trawlers 1–5). Exposure samples were collected from 64 fishermen breathing zone and from stationary ... -
Classical and noncanonical functions of miRNAs in cancers
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-30)Alterations in microRNAs (miRNAs) expression are causative in the initiation and progression of human cancers. The molecular events responsible for the widespread differential expression of miRNAs in malignancy are exemplified by their location in cancer-associated genomic regions, epigenetic mechanisms, transcriptional dysregulation, chemical modifications and editing, and alterations in miRNA ... -
Metaproteomic profiling of fungal gut colonization in gnotobiotic mice
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-22)<b><p>Background</b> Eukaryotic microbes can modulate mammalian host health and disease states, yet the molecular contribution of gut fungi remains nascent. We previously showed that mice exclusively colonised with fungi displayed increased sensitivity to allergic airway inflammation and had fecal metabolite profiles similar to germ-free mice. This marginal effect on the host metabolome suggested ... -
Prediction of Ventricular Arrhythmias by QRS/QTc - Ratio in Citalopram or Escitalopram Intoxication
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-03-16)<b><p>Background:</b> The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has stated that citalopram and escitalopram should not be used at daily doses above 40 mg/20 mg due to risk for development of fatal ventricular arrhythmias like torsade de pointes (TdP). Yet, supratherapeutic serum concentrations of citalopram are common and predicting patients at risk for TdP is of high clinical value. Accordingly, ... -
A novel lncRNA derived from an ultraconserved region: lnc- uc.147, a potential biomarker in luminal A breast cancer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-13)The human genome contains 481 ultraconserved regions (UCRs), which are genomic stretches of over 200 base pairs conserved among human, rat, and mouse. The majority of these regions are transcriptionally active (T-UCRs), and several have been found to be differentially expressed in tumours. Some T-UCRs have been functionally characterized, but of those few have been associated to breast cancer (BC). ... -
Specific interactions between the alkaline protease of P. aeruginosa and its natural peptide inhibitor: ab initio molecular simulations
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-16)Alkaline protease aeruginolysin (APR) is an important virulence factor in the evasion of the immune system by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The P. aeruginosa genome also encodes the highly potent and specifc APR peptide inhibitor (APRin). However, the structural reason for the signifcant inhibition has not been revealed. Using ab initio molecular simulations, we here investigated the ... -
Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections: Diverging trends of meticillin-resistant and meticillin-susceptible isolates, EU/EEA, 2005 to 2018
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-18)Background: Invasive infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus have high clinical and epidemiological relevance. It is therefore important to monitor the S. aureus trends using suitable methods. Aim: The study aimed to describe the trends of bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and meticillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) in the European Union (EU) and the ... -
Heavy decline of the largest European Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus colony: interacting effects of food shortage and predation
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-24)Capsule: The number of breeding pairs of Europe’s largest Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus colony at Slettnes, Norway, showed a dramatic decline of at least 50% over two decades, with food shortage in four years and increasing predation by Red Fox Vulpes vulpes leading to total breeding failure in five out of six recent study years.<p> Aims: To document the decline of Europe’s largest Arctic ... -
LTX-315-enabled, radiotherapy-boosted immunotherapeutic control of breast cancer by NK cells
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-10)LTX-315 is a nonameric oncolytic peptide in early clinical development for the treatment of solid malignancies. Preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that the anticancer properties of LTX-315 originate not only from its ability to selectively kill cancer cells, but also from its capacity to promote tumortargeting immune responses. Here, we investigated the therapeutic activity and immunological ... -
Impact of obesity-related inflammation on cardiac metabolism and function
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-10)This review focuses on the role of adipose tissue in obese individuals in the development of metabolic diseases, and their consequences for metabolic and functional derangements in the heart. The general idea is that the expansion of adipocytes during the development of obesity gives rise to unhealthy adipose tissue, characterized by low-grade inflammation and the release of proinflammatory ... -
Clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 registered in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium WHO clinical characterisation protocol: a prospective, multinational, multicentre, observational study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-14)Due to the large number of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many were treated outside the traditional walls of the intensive care unit (ICU), and in many cases, by personnel who were not trained in critical care. The clinical characteristics and the relative impact of caring for severe COVID-19 patients outside the ICU is unknown. This was a multinational, multicentre, ... -
Risk of lower respiratory tract infections: a genome-wide association study with Mendelian randomization analysis in three independent European populations
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-09)Objective: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Few studies have previously investigated the genetic susceptibility and potential risk factors for LRTI. Methods: We used data from UK Biobank, HUNT, and FinnGen, to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Cases were subjects hospitalized with LRTI, and controls were subjects with ... -
Regulation of Golgi turnover by CALCOCO1-mediated selective autophagy
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-19)The Golgi complex is essential for the processing, sorting, and trafficking of newly synthesized proteins and lipids. Golgi turnover is regulated to meet different cellular physiological demands. The role of autophagy in the turnover of Golgi, however, has not been clarified. Here we show that CALCOCO1 binds the Golgi-resident palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC17 to facilitate Golgi degradation by autophagy ... -
Protein signature predicts response to neoadjuvant treatment with chemotherapy and bevacizumab in HER2-negative breast cancers
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-28)<p>PURPOSE: Antiangiogenic therapy using bevacizumab has proven effective for a number of cancers; however, in breast cancer (BC), there is an unmet need to identify patients who benefit from such treatment. <p>PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the NeoAva phase II clinical trial, patients (N = 132) with large (≥ 25 mm) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative primary tumors were randomly ... -
Covid-19 transmission in fitness centers in Norway - a randomized trial
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-16)Background: Closed fitness centers during the Covid-19 pandemic may negatively impact health and wellbeing. We assessed whether training at fitness centers increases the risk of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection.<p> <p>Methods: In a two-group parallel randomized controlled trial, fitness center members aged 18 to 64 without Covid-19-relevant comorbidities, were randomized to access to training at a ... -
Variation in Genetic Mechanisms for Plumage Polymorphism in Skuas (Stercorarius)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-03)Coloration is evolutionarily labile and so provides an excellent trait for examining the repeatability of evolution. Here, we investigate the repeatability of the evolution of polymorphic variation in ventral plumage coloration in skuas (Stercorarius: Stercorariidae). In 2 species, arctic (S. parasiticus) and pomarine skuas (S. pomarinus), plumage polymorphism was previously shown to be ... -
Autophagy in major human diseases
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-30)Autophagy is a core molecular pathway for the preservation of cellular and organismal homeostasis. Pharmacological and genetic interventions impairing autophagy responses promote or aggravate disease in a plethora of experimental models. Consistently, mutations in autophagy-related processes cause severe human pathologies. Here, we review and discuss preclinical data linking autophagy dysfunction ... -
SAMM50 acts with p62 in piecemeal basal- and OXPHOS-induced mitophagy of SAM and MICOS components
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-26)Mitophagy is the degradation of surplus or damaged mitochondria by autophagy. In addition to programmed and stress-induced mitophagy, basal mitophagy processes exert organelle quality control. Here, we show that the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM) complex protein SAMM50 interacts directly with ATG8 family proteins and p62/SQSTM1 to act as a receptor for a basal mitophagy of components of the ...