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norskInstitutt for medisinsk biologi
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A study on CLTA and its interaction with ATG8 proteins
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-05-15)Autophagy is an essential cell mechanism for cell survival, where damaged organelles, misfolded proteins and invading pathogens can be broken down and the materials recycled. This process is dependent on double-membrane structures called autophagosomes engulfing and trafficking the contents to lysosomes for degradation. Proper formation of autophagosomes is therefore important in order to keep the ... -
Factors influencing the pre-hospital management of civilian burn mass casualty incidents in the 21st century: a scoping review
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2025-05-01)Background - Burn mass casualty incidents (BMCI) are unique and catastrophic events that are uncommon but recurring and comprehensively challenge all emergency services involved. The causes range from forces of nature to accidental or intentional explosions, indoor fires and chemical burns. A growing population, climate change exacerbated fire weather, increasing industrial activity and a rising ... -
Sinusoidal cells and liver immunology
(Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2024)The liver is an organ with many facets, facilitating numerous physiological functions. This chapter concentrates on the role of the liver as an immune organ, with a special focus on the unique role of each cell type that builds the liver. The hepatic sinusoids are the interface between the blood (and thereby the rest of the body) and hepatocytes, and host several cell types intimately involved in ... -
Why is it so difficult to understand why we don’t understand human systemic lupus erythematosus? Contemplating facts, conflicts, and impact of “the causality cascade paradigm”
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2025-01-28)n attempts to understand systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we find ourselves in the intellectual cross-point between nosology, pathogenicity-oriented science, philosophy, empiricism, and qualified conjectures. A vital consequence in science theory is that scientific hypotheses that are not critically investigated are in danger of being transformed into scientific dogmas. This statement has ... -
Impact of Gut Microbiome Modulating Interventions on Fecal Metabolome of Infants: A Systematic Review and Quality Assessment
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2025-02-27)The development of the gut microbiome in infancy is a vulnerable process that may be perturbed by antibiotics or supported by probiotics. Although effects of these “biotics” have been well-studied through DNA sequencing, it remains unclear how the resulting compositional changes affect the microbiome metabolic functions. Additionally, limits in method standardization require careful quality assessment ... -
Why do researchers decline reviewer invitations? Response to the editorial ‘The Peer Review Process: Growing Problem in Recruiting Qualified Reviewers’
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2025-02-03)In the editorial ‘The Peer Review Process: Growing Problem in Recruiting Qualified Reviewers’, Editor-in-Chief of Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, Palle Holmstrup, addresses the increasing difficulty in recruiting qualified reviewers for the publishing process. He cites statistics indicating that over the past decade, editors at his journal have had to double the average number of reviewer invitations ... -
Assessment of tertiary lymphoid structures in salivary glands, pancreas, and lungs of NZB/W lupus prone mice.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2020-11-27)Autoimmune diseases are complex genetic traits. Factors that trigger autoimmune diseases have yet to be deciphered. It is however suspected that a combination of copious risk factors is implicated in the development of autoimmunity. Genetics, environmental and stochastic factors each contribute to a small degree to the risk of autoimmune disease advancement. SLE is a chronic multisystemic autoimmune ... -
Predicting recovery in patients with mild traumatic brain injury and a normal CT using serum biomarkers and diffusion tensor imaging (CENTER-TBI): an observational cohort study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-08-08)Background - Even patients with normal computed tomography (CT) head imaging may experience persistent symptoms for months to years after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). There is currently no good way to predict recovery and triage patients who may benefit from early follow-up and targeted intervention. We aimed to assess if existing prognostic models can be improved by serum biomarkers or ... -
Correlative Super-Resolution Imaging of Cellular Nanopores Facilitated by Transparent Polymer Waveguide Chips
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-12-25)Super-resolution optical microscopy (SRM) permits the visualization of subcellular structures of biological samples beyond the diffraction limit of light. To evaluate and utilize the specific strengths of each SRM technique a combined approach in the form of correlative super-resolution imaging is essential. Here, the correlative SRM imaging of the ultrastructure of rat liver sinusoidal endothelial ... -
DNA methylation classifier to diagnose pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma metastases from different anatomical sites
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-11-10)Background - We have recently constructed a DNA methylation classifier that can discriminate between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PAAD) liver metastasis and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) with high accuracy (PAAD-iCCA-Classifier). PAAD is one of the leading causes of cancer of unknown primary and diagnosis is based on exclusion of other malignancies. Therefore, our focus was to investigate ... -
Impact of B7-H3 expression on metastasis, immune exhaustion and JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT pathways in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-11-01)Immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are improving the response rates of advanced renal cancer patients. However, many treated patients do not respond, making novel immune checkpoint-based immunotherapies potentially clinically beneficial only for specific groups of patients. We detected high expression of the immune checkpoint protein B7-H3 in clear ... -
The SRC-family serves as a therapeutic target in triple negative breast cancer with acquired resistance to chemotherapy
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-10)BACKGROUND: Resistance to chemotherapy, combined with heterogeneity among resistant tumors, represents a significant challenge in the clinical management of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). By dissecting molecular pathways associated with treatment resistance, we sought to define patient sub-groups and actionable targets for next-line treatment.<p> <p>METHODS: Bulk RNA sequencing and reverse ... -
Podoplanin expressing macrophages and their involvement in tertiary lymphoid structures in mouse models of Sjögren’s disease
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-09-17)Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are formed in tissues targeted by chronic inflammation processes, such as infection and autoimmunity. In Sjögren’s disease, the organization of immune cells into TLS is an important part of disease progression. Here, we investigated the dynamics of tissue resident macrophages in the induction and expansion of salivary gland TLS. We induced Sjögren’s disease by ... -
Single-cell phenotypic profiling and backtracing exposes and predicts clinically relevant subpopulations in isogenic Staphylococcus aureus communities
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-01)Isogenic bacterial cell populations are phenotypically heterogenous and may include subpopulations of antibiotic tolerant or heteroresistant cells. The reversibility of these phenotypes and lack of biomarkers to differentiate functionally different, but morphologically identical cells is a challenge for research and clinical detection. To overcome this, we present ´Cellular Phenotypic Profiling and ... -
ADA2 is a lysosomal deoxyadenosine deaminase acting on DNA involved in regulating TLR9-mediated immune sensing of DNA
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-22)Although adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) is considered an extracellular ADA, evidence questions the physiological relevance of this activity. Our study reveals that ADA2 localizes within the lysosomes, where it is targeted through modifications of its glycan structures. We show that ADA2 interacts with DNA molecules, altering their sequences by converting deoxyadenosine (dA) to deoxyinosine (dI). We ... -
Mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cell responses to the glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-08)Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) which make up the fenestrated wall of the hepatic sinusoids, are active scavenger cells involved in blood waste clearance and liver immune functions. Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid commonly used in the clinic and as cell culture supplement. However, the response is dependent on tissue, cell type, and cell state. The aim of this study was ... -
Development of an inducer-free, virulence gene promoter-controlled, and fluorescent reporter-labeled CRISPR interference system in Staphylococcus aureus
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-08-20)The dCas9-based Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) interference (CRISPRi) gene regulation technique requires two components: a catalytically inactive Cas9 protein (dCas9) and a single-guide RNA that targets the gene of interest. This system is commonly activated by expressing dCas9 through an inducible gene promoter, but these inducers may affect cellular ... -
Aquaporin-4 deletion leads to reduced infarct volume and increased peri-infarct astrocyte reactivity in a mouse model of cortical stroke
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-06-24)Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the main water channel in brain and is enriched in perivascular astrocyte processes abutting brain microvessels. There is a rich literature on the role of AQP4 in experimental stroke. While its role in oedema formation following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) has been studied extensively, its specific impact on infarct volume remains unclear. This study investigated ... -
Occupational asthma in the salmon processing industry: a case series
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-08-13)Objectives - Exposure to bioaerosols in salmon processing workers is associated with occupational asthma. IgE-mediated allergy and other disease mechanisms may be involved in airway inflammation and obstruction. Knowledge about disease burden, mechanisms, phenotypes and occupational exposure is limited.<p> <p>Methods - Salmon processing workers referred to our occupational medicine clinic from ... -
WDR83/MORG1 inhibits RRAG GTPase-MTORC1 signaling to facilitate basal autophagy
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-07)Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved lysosomal degradation process composed of both selective and nonselective degradation pathways. The latter occurs upon nutrient depletion. Selective autophagy exerts quality control of damaged organelles and macromolecules and is going on also under nutrient-replete conditions. Proper regulation of autophagy is vital for cellular homeostasis and prevention ...
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