Institutt for medisinsk biologi
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Oral nanotherapeutic formulation of insulin with reduced episodes of hypoglycaemia
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-01-02)Injectable insulin is an extensively used medication with potential life-threatening hypoglycaemic events. Here we report on insulin-conjugated silver sulfide quantum dots coated with a chitosan/glucose polymer to produce a responsive oral insulin nanoformulation. This formulation is pH responsive, is insoluble in acidic environments and shows increased absorption in human duodenum explants and ... -
TBK1 is ubiquitinated by TRIM5α to assemble mitophagy machinery
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-05-29)Ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins provides a basis for the downstream recruitment of mitophagy machinery, yet whether ubiquitination of the machinery itself contributes to mitophagy is unknown. Here, we show that K63-linked polyubiquitination of the key mitophagy regulator TBK1 is essential for its mitophagy functions. This modification is catalyzed by the ubiquitin ligase TRIM5a and is ... -
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus in the Context of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-22)Despite recent advances in prevention, detection and treatment, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a global health concern, strongly associated with environmental and lifestyle risk factors and infection with oncogenic viruses. Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV), well known to be the causative agent of Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) has been found in OSCC, suggesting its potential role as a ... -
Impact of HPV Vaccination on the Incidence of High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN2+) in Women Aged 20–25 in the Northern Part of Norway: A 15-Year Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-04-16)Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV), the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection globally, is a key risk factor for high-grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer. Since 2009, HPV vaccination has been part of the national immunization program for girls in 7th grade in Norway (women born 1997 and later). This study aimed to assess the impact of HPV vaccination on the incidence of high-grade ... -
Human and Murine Toll-like Receptor-Driven Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-05-14)The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is linked to the differential roles of toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9. TLR7 overexpression or gene duplication, as seen with the Y-linked autoimmune accelerator (Yaa) locus or TLR7 agonist imiquimod, correlates with increased SLE severity, and specific TLR7 polymorphisms and gainof-function variants are associated ... -
Deciphering Staphylococcus aureus–host dynamics using dual activity-based protein profiling of ATP-interacting proteins
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-04-24)The utilization of ATP within cells plays a fundamental role in cellular processes that are essential for the regulation of host–pathogen dynamics and the subsequent immune response. This study focuses on ATP-binding proteins to dissect the complex interplay between Staphylococcus aureus and human cells, particularly macrophages (THP-1) and keratinocytes (HaCaT), during an intracellular infection. ... -
Activity-based protein profiling of serine hydrolases and penicillin-binding proteins in Enterococcus faecium
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-05-15)Enterococcus faecium is a gut commensal bacterium which is gaining increasing relevance as an opportunistic, nosocomial pathogen. Its high level of intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance is causing a lack of treatment options, particularly for infections with vancomycin-resistant strains, and prioritizes the identification and functional validation of novel druggable targets. Here, we ... -
SLE: a cognitive step forward—a synthesis of rethinking theories, causality, and ignored DNA structures
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-06-04)Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is classified by instinctual classification criteria. A valid proclamation is that these formally accepted SLE classification criteria legitimate the syndrome as being difficult to explain and therefore enigmatic. SLE involves scientific problems linked to etiological factors and criteria. Our insufficient understanding of the clinical condition uniformly denoted ... -
A comprehensive review of monkeypox virus and mpox characteristics
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-06)Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is the etiological agent of monkeypox (mpox), a zoonotic disease. MPXV is endemic in the forested regions of West and Central Africa, but the virus has recently spread globally, causing outbreaks in multiple non-endemic countries. In this paper, we review the characteristics of the virus, including its ecology, genomics, infection biology, and evolution. We estimate ... -
An overview of autosomal STRs and identity SNPs in a Norwegian population using massively parallel sequencing
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-05-03)In recent years, probabilistic genotyping software has been adapted for the analysis of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) forensic data. Likelihood ratios (LR) are based on allele frequencies selected from populations of interest. This study provides an outline of sequence-based (SB) allele frequencies for autosomal short tandem repeats (aSTRs) and identity single nucleotide polymorphisms ... -
Liver sinusoidal cells eliminate blood-borne phage K1F
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-02-28)Phage treatment has regained attention due to an increase in multiresistant bacteria. For phage therapy to be successful, phages must reach their target bacteria in sufficiently high numbers. Blood-borne phages are believed to be captured by macrophages in the liver and spleen. Since liver sinusoids also consist of specialized scavenger liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and Kupffer ... -
Quality, availability and suitability of antimicrobial stewardship guidance: a multinational qualitative study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-14)Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes are established across the world to treat infections efficiently, prioritize patient safety, and reduce the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. One of the core elements of AMS programmes is guidance to support and direct physicians in making efficient, safe and optimal decisions when prescribing antibiotics. To optimize and tailor AMS, we ... -
Comprehensive virulence profiling and evolutionary analysis of specificity determinants in Staphylococcus aureus two-component systems
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-12)n the Staphylococcus aureus genome, a set of highly conserved two-component systems (TCSs) composed of histidine kinases (HKs) and their cognate response regulators (RRs) sense and respond to environmental stimuli, which drive the adaptation of the bacteria. This study investigates the complex interplay between TCSs in S. aureus USA300, a predominant methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain, revealing ... -
Interactions between commensal Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus lactis and clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-09)Enterococcus faecium (Efm) is a versatile pathogen, responsible for multidrug-resistant infections, especially in hospitalized immuno compromised patients. Its population structure has been characterized by diverse clades (A1, A2, and B (reclassified as E. lactis (Ela)), adapted to different environments, and distinguished by their resistomes and virulomes. These features only partially explain ... -
Whole genome sequencing of recombinant viruses obtained from co-infection and superinfection of Vero cells with modified vaccinia virus ankara vectored influenza vaccine and a naturally occurring cowpox virus
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-04-03)Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) has been widely tested in clinical trials as recombinant vector vaccine against infectious diseases and cancers in humans and animals. However, one biosafety concern about the use of MVA vectored vaccine is the potential for MVA to recombine with naturally occurring orthopoxviruses in cells and hosts in which it multiplies poorly and, therefore, producing ... -
Gentamicin bør fortsatt inngå i empirisk sepsisregime hos voksne
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2024-02-26)Kombinasjonen av et smalspektret betalaktamantibiotikum og aminoglykosid bør fortsatt være førstevalg i norske retningslinjer som empirisk antibiotikabehandling av de fleste alvorlige infeksjoner. -
FilmArray (BCID2) provides essential and timely results in bloodstream infections in small acute care hospitals without conventional microbiology services
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-01-12)We have evaluated the performance of FilmArray BCID2 in reactive blood cultures in a small acute care hospital compared to conventional diagnostics at a regional microbiological laboratory. This is a retrospective observational study of BactAlert reactive blood cultures (n = 160) from Helgeland Hospital, July–December 2021, analysed by BCID2 locally and conventional culture at a regional laboratory. ... -
The greatest contribution to medical science is the transformation from studying symptoms to studying their causes—the unrelenting legacy of Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur—and a causality perspective to approach a definition of SLE
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2024-02-01)The basic initiative related to this study is derived from the fact that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a unique and fertile system science subject. We are, however, still far from understanding its nature. It may be fair to indicate that we are spending more time and resources on studying the complexity of classified SLE than studying the validity of classification criteria. This study ... -
Metaproteomics of Gut Fungi in Gnotobiotic Mice
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2024-06-29)Intestinal fungi are a fundamental component of the gut microbiome and play important roles in mammalian host biology. At the same time, the contribution of gut fungi to host health and disease remains understudied due to their low abundance. In that respect, gnotobiotic animals with defined microbial populations of reduced complexity represent a well-suited model system that highlights the effects ... -
Improving and utilizing functional in vitro cAMP assay in pursuit to discover allosteric modulators of the GABAB receptor
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-07-05)The GABAergic system is the main inhibitory neuronal system utilized within the central nervous system (CNS). γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the fundamental neurotransmitter which transmit inhibitory signals through GABA receptors, the ionotropic GABAA and GABAC receptors; and the metabotropic G-protein coupled receptor GABAB receptor. Disruption of this system is associated with a range of psychiatric ...