Institutt for medisinsk biologi: Nye registreringer
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Bone Marrow Adipocytes: The Enigmatic Components of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-18)Bone marrow adipocytes (BMA) exert pleiotropic roles beyond mere lipid storage and filling of bone marrow (BM) empty spaces, and we are only now beginning to understand their regulatory traits and versatility. BMA arise from the differentiation of BM mesenchymal stromal cells, but they seem to be a heterogeneous population with distinct metabolisms, lipid compositions, secretory properties and ... -
Chlamydia pecorum associated with an outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in semi-domesticated reindeer in Sweden
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-02-05)Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC), the most common ocular disease in ruminants worldwide, has affected semi-domesticated Eurasian reindeer (<i>Rangifer tarandus tarandus</i>) for over 100 years, both as individual cases and in outbreaks affecting tens to hundreds of animals. Recurrent IKC outbreaks have been affecting a semi-domesticated reindeer herd in Östra Kikkejaure (Norrbotten county, ... -
3-Weeks of Exercise Training Increases Ischemic-Tolerance in Hearts From High-Fat Diet Fed Mice
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-10-02)Physical activity is an efficient strategy to delay development of obesity and insulin resistance, and thus the progression of obesity/diabetes-related cardiomyopathy. In support of this, experimental studies using animal models of obesity show that chronic exercise prevents the development of obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction (cardiomyopathy). Whether exercise also improves the tolerance to ... -
The FMRpolyGlycine protein mediates aggregate formation and toxicity independent of the CGG mRNA hairpin in a cellular model for FXTAS
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-03-28)Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CGG-repeat expansion in the 5′ UTR of the FMR1 gene on the X-chromosome. Both elevated levels of the expanded FMR1 mRNA and aberrant expression of a polyglycine protein (FMRpolyG) from the CGG-repeat region are hypothesized to trigger the pathogenesis of FXTAS. While increased expression of FMRpolyG leads ... -
Low Expression of miR-424-3p is Highly Correlated with Clinical Failure in Prostate Cancer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07-23)Prostate cancer (PC) is a highly heterogenous disease and one of the leading causes of mortality in developed countries. Recently, studies have shown that expression of immune checkpoint proteins are directly or indirectly repressed by microRNAs (miRs) in many types of cancers. The great advantages of using miRs based therapy is the capacity of these short transcripts to target multiple molecules ... -
Prognostic Value of Macrophage Phenotypes in Resectable Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Assessed by Multiplex Immunohistochemistry
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-02-10)Macrophages are important inflammatory cells that regulate innate and adaptive immunity in cancer. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are thought to differentiate into two main phenotypes: proinflammatory M1 and protumorigenic M2. Currently, the prognostic impact of TAMs and their M1 and M2 phenotypes is unclear in non–small cell cancer (NSCLC). The present study was set up to evaluate an approach ... -
The Novel Oncolytic Compound LTX-401 Induces Antitumor Immune Responses in Experimental Hepatocellular Carcinoma
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-21)LTX-401 is a novel oncolytic compound designed for the local treatment of solid tumors. In the present study, we have examined the applicability and efficacy of LTX-401 in a rat model JM1 hepatocellular carcinoma, with particular interest in its ability to induce antitumor immunity. LTX-401 induces necrotic cell death followed by the release of immunogenic cell death mediators such as high-mobility ... -
Effects of Agricultural Pesticides in Aquafeeds on Wild Fish Feeding on Leftover Pellets Near Fish Farms
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-09-26)Screening has revealed that modern-day feeds used in Atlantic salmon aquaculture might contain trace amounts of agricultural pesticides. To reach slaughter size, salmon are produced in open net pens in the sea. Uneaten feed pellets and undigested feces deposited beneath the net pens represent a source of contamination for marine organisms. To examine the impacts of long-term and continuous dietary ... -
Post-test adverse psychological effects and coping mechanisms amongst HIV self-tested individuals living in couples in urban Blantyre, Malawi
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-12)<i>Introduction</i> - Mandatory face-to-face counselling is necessary during HIV testing but difficult to implement within the context of HIV self-testing. We investigated adverse psychological effects and coping mechanisms following HIV-positive and HIV-discordant test results amongst self-tested individuals living in couples in urban Blantyre, Malawi.<p> <p><i>Methods</i> - Qualitative data ... -
Cost-efficient nanoscopy reveals nanoscale architecture of liver cells and platelets
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07-09)Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) provides a powerful toolkit to specifically resolve intracellular structures on the nanometer scale, even approaching resolution classically reserved for electron microscopy (EM). Although instruments for SMLM are technically simple to implement, researchers tend to stick to commercial microscopes for SMLM implementations. Here we report the construction ... -
The fight to keep resistance at bay, epidemiology of carbapenemase producing organisms (CPOs), vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Norway, 2006-2017
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-02-04)<p><i>Introduction - </i>Scandinavian countries have traditionally had a low prevalence of resistant organisms, but have in recent years experienced a change in their epidemiology. We aim to describe the epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) in Norway, measure the importance of infections ... -
Giant group I intron in a mitochondrial genome is removed by RNA back-splicing
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-01)<p><i>Background - </i>The mitochondrial genomes of mushroom corals (Corallimorpharia) are remarkable for harboring two complex group I introns; ND5-717 and COI-884. How these autocatalytic RNA elements interfere with mitochondrial RNA processing is currently not known. Here, we report experimental support for unconventional processing events of ND5-717 containing RNA. <p><i>Results - </i>We obtained ... -
Effect of the Large and Small T-Antigens of Human Polyomaviruses on Signaling Pathways
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-08-12)Viruses are intracellular parasites that require a permissive host cell to express the viral genome and to produce new progeny virus particles. However, not all viral infections are productive and some viruses can induce carcinogenesis. Irrespective of the type of infection (productive or neoplastic), viruses hijack the host cell machinery to permit optimal viral replication or to transform the ... -
In silico site-directed mutagenesis of the Daphnia magna ecdysone receptor identifies critical amino acids for species-specific and inter-species differences in agonist binding
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-04)Molting is an essential process in the life cycle of arthropods and is regulated by complex neuroendocrine pathways where activation of the ecdysone receptor (EcR) plays a major role. The EcR forms a non-covalent heterodimer with the ultraspiracle protein (USP) when activated by endogenous ecdysteroids, but can also be activated by several insecticides and other environmental chemicals. Environmental ... -
Culturing periprosthetic tissue in BacT/Alert® Virtuo blood culture system leads to improved and faster detection of prosthetic joint infections
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07-10)<i>Background</i> - Blood culture bottles (BCBs) provide a semiautomated method for culturing periprosthetic tissue specimens. A study evaluating BCBs for culturing clinical samples other than body fluids is needed before implementation into clinical practice. Our objective was to evaluate use of the BacT/Alert® Virtuo blood culture system for culturing periprosthetic tissue specimens. <p> ... -
Prognostic biomarkers for immunotherapy with ipilimumab in metastatic melanoma
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-03-01)New therapies, including the anti‐cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)‐4 antibody, ipilimumab, is approved for metastatic melanoma. Prognostic biomarkers need to be identified, because the treatment has serious side effects. Serum samples were obtained before and during treatment from 56 patients with metastatic or unresectable malignant melanoma, receiving treatment with ipilimumab in a national ... -
Novel targets for delaying aging: The importance of the liver and advances in drug delivery
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2018-09-21)Age-related changes in liver function have a significant impact on systemic aging and susceptibility to age-related diseases. Nutrient sensing pathways have emerged as important targets for the development of drugs that delay aging and the onset age-related diseases. This supports a central role for the hepatic regulation of metabolism in the association between nutrition and aging. Recently, a role ... -
In Silico Methods for the Discovery of Orthosteric GABAB Receptor Compounds
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-03-07)The GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor (GABA<sub>B</sub>-R) is a heterodimeric class C G protein-coupled receptor comprised of the GABA<sub>B1a/b</sub> and GABA<sub>B2</sub> subunits. The endogenous orthosteric agonist γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) binds within the extracellular Venus flytrap (VFT) domain of the GABA<sub>B1a/b</sub> subunit. The receptor is associated with numerous neurological and ... -
A Three-dimensional Ex Vivo Viability Assay Reveals a Strong Correlation Between Response to Targeted Inhibitors and Mutation Status in Melanoma Lymph Node Metastases
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-13)Although clinical management of melanoma has changed considerably in recent years, intrinsic treatment resistance remains a severe problem and strategies to design personal treatment regimens are highly warranted. We have applied a three-dimensional (3D) <i>ex vivo</i> drug efficacy assay, exposing disaggregated cells from 38 freshly harvested melanoma lymph node metastases and 21 patient derived ... -
Exploring the overlapping binding sites of ifenprodil and EVT‐101 in GluN2B‐containing NMDA receptors using novel chicken embryo forebrain cultures and molecular modeling
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-30)N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors (NMDAR) are widely expressed in the brain. GluN2B subunit‐containing NMDARs has recently attracted significant attention as potential pharmacological targets, with emphasis on the functional properties of allosteric antagonists. We used primary cultures from chicken embryo forebrain (E10), expressing native GluN2B‐containing NMDA receptors as a novel model system. ...