Browsing Institutt for samfunnsmedisin by Title

Now showing items 519-538 of 1877

    • Each pregnancy linearly changes immune gene expression in the blood of healthy women compared with breast cancer patients 

      Lund, Eiliv; Nakamura, Aurelie; Snapkov, Igor; Thalabard, Jean-Christophe; Olsen, Karina Standahl; Holden, Lars; Holden, Marit (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-04-30)
      <p><i>Background</i>: There is a large body of evidence demonstrating long-lasting protective effect of each full-term pregnancy (FTP) on the development of breast cancer (BC) later in life, a phenomenon that could be related to both hormonal and immunological changes during pregnancies. In this work, we studied the pregnancy-associated differences in peripheral blood gene expression profiles between ...

    • Early diagnosis of abdominal cancer in general practice 

      Holtedahl, Knut A. (Others; Andre, 2010-02-12)

    • Early menarche and other endocrine disrupting effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in adolescents from Northern Norway. The Fit Futures study 

      Averina, Maria; Huber, Sandra; Almås, Bjørg; Brox, Jan; Jacobsen, Bjarne K.; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Grimnes, Guri (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-11-19)
      Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) comprise a large group of chemicals that are ubiquitous in the environment and include recognized persistent organic pollutants. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate possible endocrine disrupting effects of different PFAS in adolescents. <p> <p>Methods: Serum concentrations of PFAS, thyroid, parathyroid and steroid hormones ...

    • Echocardiographic screening in a general population : normal distribution of echocardiographic measurements and their relation to cardiovascular risk factors and disease : The Tromsø Study 

      Schirmer, Henrik (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2000)

    • Ecological study on the use of hormonal contraception, abortions and births among teenagers in the Nordic countries 

      Hognert, Helena; Skjeldestad, Finn Egil; Gemzell-Danielsson, Kristina; Heikinheimo, Oskari; Milsom, Ian; Lidegaard, Øjvind; Lindh, Ingela (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018-10-30)
      Objectives <br>Compare hormonal contraceptive use, birth and abortion rates among teenagers in the Nordic countries. A secondary aim was to explore plausible explanations for possible differences between countries.<br> Design <br> Ecological study using national registry data concerning births and abortions among all women aged 15–19 years residing in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden ...

    • The ecology of medical care in Norway: wide use of general practitioners may not necessarily keep patients out of hospitals 

      Hansen, Anne Helen; Halvorsen, Peder Andreas; Førde, Olav Helge (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)
      Background. Our aim was to investigate the pattern of self reported symptoms and utilisation of health care services in Norway.<p> <p>Design and Methods. With data from the cross-sectional Tromsø Study (2007-8), we estimated population proportions reporting symptoms and use of seven different health services. By logistic regression we estimated differences according to age and gender. <p>Results. ...

    • Economic aspects of the DHIS2 contact tracing system as part of the COVID-19 strategy in Tromsø municipality 

      Sanoja, Johanna (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2022-05-31)
      <p><i>Background:</i> The corona virus pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus begun in Norway in 2020. The Norwegian government decided that test-identify-trace-quarantine is the main national strategy fighting against the pandemic. From municipalities this required contact tracing actions to maintain the number of transmissions as low as possible. There was no earlier experience of contact tracing ...

    • Economic Evaluation of Home-Based Stroke Care – A systematic review 

      Teklezghi, Feben Dawit (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-08-01)
      Background: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) of 2019 ranked stroke, as both the second-leading cause of death and the third-leading cause of death and disability worldwide. As the burden of stroke has risen the past three decades, stroke has emerged as one of the current greatest public health issues worldwide of growing importance. During the past 40 years, healthcare expenditure has increased ...

    • Education and health and well-being: direct and indirect effects with multiple mediators and interactions with multiple imputed data in Stata 

      Sheikh, Mashhood Ahmed; Abelsen, Birgit; Olsen, Jan Abel (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-09-12)
      <p><i>Background</i>: Previous methods for assessing mediation assume no multiplicative interactions. The inverse odds weighting (IOW) approach has been presented as a method that can be used even when interactions exist. The substantive aim of this study was to assess the indirect effect of education on health and well-being via four indicators of adult socioeconomic status (SES): income, management ...

    • Education Level and Self-Reported Cardiovascular Disease in Norway—The Tromsø Study, 1994–2016 

      Cathro, Celina Janene; Brenn, Tormod; Chen, Sairah Lai Fa (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-05-25)
      Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading source of morbidity and mortality, and research has shown education level to be a risk factor for the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between education level and self-reported CVD in Tromsø, Norway. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 12,400 participants enrolled in the fourth and seventh surveys of ...

    • The educational gradient in cardiovascular risk factors: impact of shared family factors in 228,346 Norwegian siblings 

      Ariansen, Inger Kristine; Mortensen, Laust Hvas; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel; Stigum, Hein; Kjøllesdal, Marte Karoline Råberg; Næss, Øyvind (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-03-30)
      <p><b>Background:</b> Various indicators of childhood socioeconomic position have been related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adulthood. We investigated the impact of shared family factors on the educational gradient in midlife CVD risk factors by assessing within sibling similarities in the gradient using a discordant sibling design.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> Norwegian health survey data ...

    • Educational gradient in dental caries 

      Moltubakk, Silje Navjord (Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-03-24)
      Background: Dental health is an important aspect and a key indicator of general health. However, detailed data on dental health in the adult population in Norway is lacking. Literature indicates that people with lower socioeconomic position (SEP) have significantly poorer dental health than people with higher SEP. For example, adults in Norway with higher education report better self-reported ...

    • The Educational Gradient in Intake of Energy and Macronutrients in the General Adult and Elderly Population: The Tromsø Study 2015–2016 

      Nilsen, Linn; Hopstock, Laila Arnesdatter; Skeie, Guri; Grimsgaard, Sameline; Lundblad, Marie Wasmuth (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-28)
      Worldwide, there are socioeconomic inequalities in health and diet. We studied the relationship between education and nutrient intake in 11,302 women and men aged 40–96 years who participated in the seventh survey of the population-based Tromsø Study (2015–2016), Norway (attendance 65%). Diet was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. We examined the association between education ...

    • The educational gradient in intake of energy, macro- and micronutrients in the Tromsø Study 2015-2016 

      Nilsen, Linn (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-05-27)
      <p>Background: Socioeconomic status is associated with inequalities in health. Unhealthy diet is a risk factor for non-communicable diseases, and socioeconomic inequalities exists also in diet. <p>Aim: To investigate the relationship between educational level and the intake of total energy, macro- and micronutrients. <p>Participants: 11,302 individuals (40-96 years) from Tromsø, Norway. <p>Methods: ...

    • The educational gradient in premature cardiovascular mortality: Examining mediation by risk factors in cohorts born in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s 

      Ariansen, Inger; Strand, Bjørn Heine; Kjøllesdal, Marte Karoline Råberg; Steingrímsdóttir, Ólöf Anna; Mortensen, Laust Hvas; Stigum, Hein; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel; Næss, Øyvind (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-01-28)
      <i>Aims</i>: Educational inequality in cardiovascular disease and in modifiable risk factors changes over time and between birth cohorts. We aimed to assess how cardiovascular disease risk factors mediate educational differences in premature cardiovascular disease mortality and how this varies over birth cohorts and sex.<p> <p><i>Methods</i>: We followed 360,008 40–45-year-olds born in the ...

    • Educational interventions to ensure provision of doctors in rural areas - a systematic review 

      Fosse, Anette; Abelsen, Birgit; Gaski, Margrete; Grimstad, Hilde (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-01-10)
      Introduction: Recruiting doctors in rural areas is challenging. Various educational interventions have been introduced in many countries. This study aimed to explore undergraduate medical education interventions introduced to recruit doctors to rural areas, and the results of these interventions. Methods: We undertook a systematic search using search words 'rural', 'remote', 'workforce', 'physicians', ...

    • Educational patterning in biological health seven years apart: Findings from the Tromsø Study 

      Neufcourt, Lola; Castagne, Raphaele; Wilsgaard, Tom; Grimsgaard, Sameline; Chadeau-Hyam, Marc; Vuckovic, Dragana; Ugarteche-Perez, Ainhoa; Farbu, Erlend Hoftun; Sandanger, Torkjel Manning; Delpierre, Cyrille; Kelly-Irving, Michelle (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-11-20)
      Background: Social-to-biological processes is one set of mechanisms underlying the relationship between social position and health. However, very few studies have focused on the relationship between social factors and biology at multiple time points. This work investigates the relationship between education and the dynamic changes in a composite Biological Health Score (BHS) using two time points ...

    • Educational patterns of health behaviors and body mass index: A longitudinal multiple correspondence analysis of a middle-aged general population, 2007-2016 

      Ibarra Sanchez, Ana Silvia; Abelsen, Birgit; Chen, Gang; Wisløff, Torbjørn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-12-01)
      Social differences in body mass index and health behaviors are a major public health challenge. The uneven distribution of unhealthy body mass index and of unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, physical inactivity, and harmful alcohol consumption has been shown to mediate social inequalities in chronic diseases. While differential exposures to these health variables have been investigated, the ...

    • Effect of ADHD medication on risk of injuries: a preference-based instrumental variable analysis 

      Widding-Havnerås, Tarjei; Elwert, Felix; Markussen, Simen; Zachrisson, Henrik Daae; Lyhmann, Ingvild; Chaulagain, Ashmita; Bjelland, Ingvar; Halmøy, Anne; Rypdal, Knut; Mykletun, Arnstein (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-09-24)
      ADHD is associated with an increased risk of injury. Causal evidence for efects of pharmacological treatment on injuries is scarce. We estimated efects of ADHD medication on injuries using variation in provider preference as an instrumental variable (IV). Using Norwegian registry data, we followed 8051 patients who were diagnosed with ADHD aged 5 to 18 between 2009 and 2011 and recorded their ADHD ...

    • The effect of atmospheric pressure on oxygen saturation and dyspnea: the Tromsø study 

      Dohmen, Lisa M. E.; Spigt, Mark; Melbye, Hasse (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-03-03)
      A drop in atmospheric pressure, as observed at high altitudes, leads to decreased oxygen saturation. The effect of regular changes in barometric pressure at sea level has never been studied in a general population. A cohort of adults aged 40 years were examined with pulse oximetry at two separate visits, and the local barometric pressure was available from the local weather station. The study aimed ...