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norskInstitutt for samfunnsmedisin: Recent submissions
Now showing items 1741-1760 of 2050
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Low numbers of post-term pregnancy inductions result in high numbers of emergency caesarean sections. A comparison of morbidity and mortality between term and post-term deliveries in the Murmansk County Birth Registry 2006-2011
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2016-02-13)Objective: This thesis compares women who went into spontaneous labour at term with women who gave birth post-term with regards to five outcome variables: perinatal mortality, threatening intrauterine asphyxia, Apgar score below 7 (after 5 minutes), meconium staining and emergency caesarean section. Material and methods: The thesis used data from the Murmansk County Birth Registry from 2006 to 2011. ... -
The Northern Norway Mother-and-Child Contaminant Cohort Study (MISA): Population Characteristics, Dietary Intake and Predictors of Organochlorine Contaminants in Meconium and Maternal Serum, and of Essential and Toxic Elements in Mothers’ Whole Blood
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2016-03-03)Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and toxic elements are released into the environment and are carried to the Arctic area via the atmosphere, oceanic currents and rivers. They have the ability to accumulate in nature and bioconcentrate in the human food chain. The primary exposure route for these contaminants is through diet, and thus circulating levels in pregnant women can give an indication ... -
How do women with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis rate quality and coordination of health care services? A cross-sectional study
(Journal article; Peer reviewed; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2016-01-18)Objective: To test the association between self-rated health and self-rated degree of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME), and CFS/ME patients’ assessment of quality of primary care, specialist care and coordination of care. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Self-reported questionnaire data from women members of The Norwegian ME Association obtained in ... -
Modes of Embodiment in Breast Cancer Patients Using Complementary and Alternative Medicine
(Journal article; Peer reviewed; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2012-09-29)Breast cancer patients are frequent users of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). They often have complex reasons for, and experiences from, their use of CAM. Bodily experiences are important and almost unexplored elements in CAM use. Our aim was to explore the meaning and importance of bodily experiences among breast cancer patients who were using CAM as a supplement or an alternative to ... -
Same Sámi? A comparison of self-reported Sámi ethnicity measures in 1970 and 2003 in selected rural areas in northern Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-06-26)In post-war Norway, only the 1970 national census has recorded ethnicity information about the indigenous Sámi, however restricted to those living in selected areas in the north. In this study, we combine replies about Sámi ethnicity given by the same individuals in Norway’s 1970 census and in the population-based SAMINOR study in 2003–04, to compare self-reported Sámi ethnicity at two points in ... -
Epithelial ovarian cancer subtypes attributable to smoking in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study, 2012
(Journal article; Peer reviewed; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2016-01-14)Among European women, ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer. Smoking is an established risk factor for mucinous tumors. We estimated the impact of smoking in Norwegian women using population attributable fractions (PAFs) of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), by invasiveness and by histological subtypes in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study with an average of 13.2 years of follow-up. ... -
Atrial fibrillation in The Tromsø Study 1994-2007. Risk factors, occurrence and gender differences.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2016-01-14)Summary Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia, which increases morbidity and mortality and thereby imposes high health costs on society. The prevalence of AF has increased for several decades, and is expected to increase further, with the rising numbers of elderly people and survivors of heart diseases. Several risk factors for AF related to genetics and diseases have been ... -
Supply of doctors to a rural region: Occupations of Tromsø medical graduates 1979–2012
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-03-26)Background: The aim of establishing the medical school in Tromsø in 1973 was to improve access to doctors and standards of health care for the previously underprivileged rural population of Northern Norway. In this study we examine how the aim of supplying doctors to the north has been achieved. Material and methods: By utilising a cross-sectional design we have analysed 34 classes of Tromsø medical ... -
Offentlig finansiert fedmekirurgi i Norge i periode 2008-2014. Antall inngrep og operasjonsrater, kjønns- og aldersspesifikke rater, forskjeller i rater mellom regionale helseforetak, og en beskrivelse av type kirurgi som brukes i Norge
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2015-12-22)Bakgrunn: Fedme er definert som en av de største helsetruslene i vår tid. Fedme kan skape alvorlige problemer for helse, trivsel og livskvalitet, og risikoen for ulike helseproblem øker med stigende grad av fedme. Det er sett en økning i bruk av fedmekirurgi som behandling for sykelig overvekt. Flere studier viser at fedmekirurgi kan være en effektiv i behandlingen av flere fedmerelaterte problemer, ... -
Prevalence of refractive error in Europe: the European Eye Epidemiology (E(3)) Consortium
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-03-18)To estimate the prevalence of refractive error in adults across Europe. Refractive data (mean spherical equivalent) collected between 1990 and 2013 from fifteen population-based cohort and cross-sectional studies of the European Eye Epidemiology (E3 ) Consortium were combined in a random effects meta-analysis stratified by 5-year age intervals and gender. Participants were excluded if they were ... -
Implementing and up-scaling evidence-based eMental health in Europe: The study protocol for the MasterMind project
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-10-19)Background: Depressive disorder is a major societal challenge. Despite the availability of clinically and costeffective treatments including Internet interventions, the number of patients receiving treatment is limited. Evidence-based Internet interventions promise wide availability and high efficiency of treatments. However, these interventions often do not enter routine mental healthcare delivery ... -
Whole-Blood Gene Expression Profiles in Large-scale Epidemiological Studies: What Do They Tell
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-10-08)In nutrigenomics, gene expression profiling is used to investigate transcriptional mechanisms associated with nutrients and diet. Blood samples collected in the framework of dietary interventions and epidemiological studies allow the use of humans as the model system, as opposed to using cell lines or animal models. Here, we review recent publications in the field of gene expression profiling, based ... -
A processual model for functional analyses of carcinogenesis in the prospective cohort design
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-10)Traditionally, the prospective design has been chosen for risk factor analyses of lifestyle and cancer using mainly estimation by survival analysis methods. With new technologies, epidemiologists can expand their prospective studies to include functional genomics given either as transcriptomics, mRNA and microRNA, or epigenetics in blood or other biological materials. The novel functional analyses ... -
Social inequalities and smoking-associated breast cancer - Results from a prospective cohort study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-01-22)Objective. The association between smoking and breast cancer has been found in most recent, large cohort studies. We wanted to investigate how smoking-associated breast cancer varies by level of education, a wellestablished measure of socioeconomic status. <p>Methods. We included 302,865 women with 7490 breast cancer cases. Participants were assigned to low, moderate or high level of education ... -
Increasing prevalence of myopia in Europe and the impact of education
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-07)Purpose: To investigate whether myopia is becoming more common across Europe and explore whether increasing education levels, an important environmental risk factor for myopia, might explain any temporal trend. <p>Design: Meta-analysis of population-based, cross-sectional studies from the European Eye Epidemiology (E3 ) Consortium. <p>Participants: The E3 Consortium is a collaborative network ... -
Changes in detection of birth defects and perinatal mortality after introduction of prenatal ultrasound screening in the Kola Peninsula (North-West Russia): combination of two birth registries
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-11-23)Background: Prenatal diagnostics ultrasound was established in Russia in 2000 as a routine method of screening for birth defects. The aims of the current study were twofold: to assess changes in birth defects prevalence at birth and perinatal mortality after ultrasound screening was implemented and to estimate prenatal detection rates for congenital malformations in the city of Monchegorsk (Murmansk ... -
Estimating Time-Varying PCB Exposures Using Person-Specific Predictions to Supplement Measured Values: A Comparison of Observed and Predicted Values in Two Cohorts of Norwegian Women
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015)Background: Studies on the health effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) call for an understanding of past and present human exposure. Time-resolved mechanistic models may supplement information on concentrations in individuals obtained from measurements and/or statistical approaches if they can be shown to reproduce empirical data. <p>Objectives: Here, we evaluated the capability of one ... -
Isocaloric substitution of carbohydrates with protein: The association with weight change and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-04-18)Background: The health impact of dietary replacement of carbohydrates with protein for patients with type 2 diabetes is still debated. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary substitution of carbohydrates with (animal and plant) protein and 5-year weight change, and all-cause and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. <p>Methods: The study ... -
Changing trends in caesarean section births in Murmansk County, Russia
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2014-03-09)Objective: To analyze changing trends of caesarean section (CS) birth rates in Murmansk County, Russia over a 5- year period (2006-2010) using the Robson 10-group classification system. Design: A registry- based study. Setting: The Murmansk County Birth Registry (MCBR). Study population: All deliveries registered (N=44 267) in the MCBR between 1st of January 2006 and 31st of December 2010. ... -
Ethical aspects of registry-based research in the Nordic countries
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-11-23)National health care registries in the Nordic countries share many attributes, but different legal and ethical frameworks represent a challenge to promoting effective joint research. Internationally, there is a lack of knowledge about how ethical matters are considered in Nordic registry-based research, and a lack of knowledge about how Nordic ethics committees operate and what is needed to ...
