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dc.contributor.advisorPostoev, Vitaly
dc.contributor.authorKrieger, Ekaterina
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-29T12:08:05Z
dc.date.available2024-11-29T12:08:05Z
dc.date.issued2024-12-12
dc.description.abstract<p><i>Objective</i> To investigate seroprevalence, spectrum of COVID-19 cases and factors associated with COVID-19 morbidity, severity, and mortality in a population-based sample of adults in Arkhangelsk, Northwest Russia. <p><i>Methods</i> Participants in the Know Your Heart study (2015-2017) were enrolled in a COVID-19 seroprevalence study (n=1348) in 2021 and followed up for COVID-19 diagnosis, vaccination, and all-cause mortality using registry data. Regression models were used to investigate factors associated with seropositivity, vaccination, adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), symptomatic infection, hospitalization, and risk of death. <p><i>Results</i> One year after the start of the pandemic in Arkhangelsk, two-thirds of adults aged 40-74 years were seropositive, mainly due to infection. Those with infection-acquired immunity were more likely to be employed and less likely to smoke compared to seronegative individuals. Low adherence to NPIs was associated with male sex, employment, and low confidence in NPIs. Vaccination early in the pandemic was positively associated with older age and smoking, and negatively associated with low adherence to NPIs. COVID-19 cases were 52.9% asymptomatic and 47.1% symptomatic, with 18.3% of symptomatic cases being hospitalized. Older age was associated with being symptomatic, whereas smoking was associated with being asymptomatic. Individuals older than 65 years and those with poor self-rated health were more likely to be hospitalized. During the pandemic, the risk of death was 41% higher than in the pre-pandemic period. A greater increase in age-standardized all-cause mortality was observed in women than in men. Compared with the pre-pandemic period, women with obesity, angina, and kidney dysfunction and men with asthma and elevated cardiovascular biomarkers had a higher risk of death during the pandemic. Diabetes and smoking were factors associated with a higher risk of death in both sexes in both periods. <p><i>Conclusion</i> The results could contribute to the development of targeted prevention strategies to improve surveillance and health outcomes during future outbreaks.en_US
dc.description.abstract<p><i>Formål</i> Å undersøke seroprevalens, spekteret av COVID-19-tilfeller og faktorer assosiert med COVID-19 sykelighet, alvorlighetsgrad og dødelighet i et befolkningsbasert utvalg av voksne i Arkhangelsk, Nordvest-Russland. <p><i>Metoder</i> Deltakere i "Know Your Heart"-studien (2015-2017) ble rekruttert til en COVID-19 seroprevalensstudie (n=1348) i 2021 og fulgt opp for COVID-19, vaksinasjon og mortalitet ved bruk av registerdata. Regresjonsmodeller ble brukt for å undersøke faktorer assosiert med seropositivitet, vaksinasjon, etterlevelse av ikke-farmasøytiske tiltak (NPIer), symptomatisk infeksjon, sykehusinnleggelse og risiko for død. <p><i>Resultater</i> Ett år etter pandemiens start i Arkhangelsk var to tredjedeler av voksne i alderen 40-74 år seropositive, hovedsakelig på grunn av infeksjon. De med immunitet oppnådd gjennom infeksjon var mer sannsynlig å være i arbeid og mindre sannsynlig å røyke sammenlignet med seronegative. Lav etterlevelse av NPIer var assosiert med mannlig kjønn, sysselsetting og lav tillit til NPIer. Vaksinasjon var positivt assosiert med høyere alder og røyking, og negativt assosiert med lav etterlevelse av NPIer. COVID-19-tilfellene var 52.9% asymptomatiske og 47.1% symptomatiske, hvorav 18.3% av de symptomatiske tilfellene ble innlagt på sykehus. Høyere alder var assosiert med å være symptomatisk, mens røyking var assosiert med å være asymptomatisk. Individer eldre enn 65 år og de med dårlig selvrapportert helse hadde større sannsynlighet for å bli innlagt på sykehus. Under pandemien var risikoen for død 41% høyere enn i før-pandemisk periode. En større økning i aldersstandardiserte mortalitetsrater ble observert hos kvinner enn hos menn. Sammenlignet med før-pandemisk periode, hadde kvinner med fedme, angina og nyrefunksjonsfeil og menn med astma og forhøyede kardiovaskulære biomarkører en høyere risiko for død under pandemien. Diabetes og røyking var faktorer assosiert med høyere risiko for død i begge kjønn i begge periodene. <p><i>Konklusjon</i> Resultatene kan bidra til utviklingen av målrettede forebyggingsstrategier for å forbedre overvåkning og helseutfall under fremtidige utbrudd.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstractAdult residents of Arkhangelsk, Russia, aged 40-74 years, participated in a COVID-19 research project in February-June 2021. Two-thirds of the participants had been previously infected, mainly those who were employed. Men were less likely than women to follow preventive measures such as wearing face masks, but they were more likely to be vaccinated. The spread of the virus in the population was largely due to asymptomatic infection, with less than half of infected cases detected by the health care system. Older people were more likely to have COVID-19 with symptoms. Eighteen percent of symptomatic cases were hospitalized, particularly among those older than 65 years and those with chronic conditions. During the pandemic, women had a greater increase in mortality from all causes, with obesity, angina, and kidney dysfunction being factors associated with a higher risk of death; in men, asthma and cardiovascular disease were associated with a higher risk of death. Smokers and people with diabetes of both sexes had a higher risk of death.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe Know Your Heart study was a component of the International Project on Cardiovascular Disease in Russia, funded by a Wellcome Trust Strategic Award (award no. 100217), UiT, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, and the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Social Affairs.The seroprevalence survey was funded by the Russian Ministry of Health as part of the ESSE-RF3 study.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/35858
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.relation.haspart<p>Research Letter: Krieger, E., Kudryavtsev, A., Sharashova, E., Postoev, V., Belova, N., Shagrov, L. … Leon, D.A. (2022). Seroprevalence of SARS-Cov-2 Antibodies in Adults, Arkhangelsk, Russia. <i>Emerging Infectious Diseases, 28</i>(2), 463-465. (Research Letter). Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/26869>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/26869</a>. <p>Paper 1: Krieger, E., Sharashova, E., Kudryavtsev, A.V., Samodova, O., Kontsevaya, A., Brenn, T. & Postoev, V. (2023). COVID-19: seroprevalence and adherence to preventive measures in Arkhangelsk, Northwest Russia. <i>Infectious Diseases (London), 55</i>(5), 316-327. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/29743>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/29743</a>. <p>Paper 2: Krieger, E., Kudryavtsev, A.V., Sharashova, E., Samodova, O., Kontsevaya, A. & Postoev, V. Spectrum of COVID-19 cases in Arkhangelsk, Northwest Russia: findings from a population based study linking serosurvey, registry data, and self-reports of symptoms. (Submitted manuscript). Now published in <i>PLoS ONE, 2024, 19</i>(10), e0311287, available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/35767>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/35767</a>. <p>Paper 3: Krieger, E., Kudryavtsev, A.V., Sharashova, E., Samodova, O. & Postoev, V. Risk factors for all-cause mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period in an adult population of Arkhangelsk, Russia. (Submitted manuscript). Preprint available on Research Square at <a href=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4541219/v1>https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4541219/v1</a>.en_US
dc.relation.isbasedonKnow Your Heart Study data available at <a href=https://metadata.knowyourheart.science> https://metadata.knowyourheart.science</a>.en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2024 The Author(s)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)en_US
dc.subjectCOVID-19en_US
dc.subjectSARS-CoV-2en_US
dc.subjectseroprevalenceen_US
dc.subjectasymptomatic infectionen_US
dc.subjectall-cause mortalityen_US
dc.subjectRussiaen_US
dc.titleCOVID-19 morbidity, severity, and mortality in a population-based sample of adults in Arkhangelsk, Northwest Russiaen_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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