A Systematic Review on the Efficacy of Virtual Reality in Exposure Therapy for Reducing Dental Anxiety in Adults: A Clinical Practice Perspective

Abstract

Keywords: Dental phobia; Dental fear; Behavioral intervention; Anxiety management; Adult mental health; Clinical implantation; Immerse technology; Digital health tools

Background: Dental anxiety leads to avoidance of dental treatment, resulting in adverse effects such as poor oral health, pain, and shame related to dental status, subsequently influencing patients’ quality of life. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), such as virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET), can help patients suffering from dental anxiety to overcome their fear.

Methods: Studies conducting VRET for dental anxiety in adult patients were identified using the databases MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and PsychInfo. The studies’ eligibility and validity were assessed using credible assessment tools. Results were analyzed regarding efficacy, and a recommendation for clinical implementation of VRET for dental anxiety was synthesized.

Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria, where 3 of the studies showed significant results that VRET is effective. The studies had different control groups such as information pamphlet (IP), waitlist control (WLC), and no intervention. Most studies reported positive trends, particularly in behavioral outcomes and reductions in self-reported anxiety.

Conclusion: There are promising results showing VRET as an intervention for dental anxiety in adults. However, generalizability is limited due to heterogeneity and small sample sizes. Future high-quality trials are needed and comparison to IVET as control is preferable. For clinical implementation, interdisciplinary development is recommended to tailor the VR experience while ensuring patient safety.