dc.contributor.advisor | Schultz, Jon-Håkon | |
dc.contributor.author | Gebus, Steffi | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2025-08-22T14:32:28Z | |
dc.date.available | 2025-08-22T14:32:28Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2025-09-10 | |
dc.description.abstract | The global refugee crisis is one of today’s most urgent humanitarian and global health challenges. While the importance of addressing mental health and psychosocial well-being in humanitarian contexts is increasingly recognized, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where most refugees reside, face severe gaps in scalable, contextually tailored interventions. This dissertation focuses on addressing these gaps by examining the implementation and adaptation of school-based psychosocial support (PSS) programs for children affected by conflict and crisis.
Drawing on two interrelated studies conducted in Lebanon, the dissertation explores: (1) teachers’ and counselors’ experiences with PSS implementation; (2) the impact of the Better Learning Program (BLP) on children’s psychosocial well-being; and (3) the mechanisms driving observed improvements. The first study investigates the initial institutionalization of PSS in Lebanese public schools during a multi-layered national crisis, while the second examines BLP’s implementation in informal learning centers following the Beirut Port Blast. Together, these studies, articulated across three research articles, aim to inform the development of more effective, contextually grounded PSS strategies and reflect on the methodological resilience required to conduct robust research in volatile humanitarian settings.
The dissertation employs an integrative conceptual framework combining global health, psychotraumatology, and implementation science, drawing on Hobfoll’s Five Essential Elements, the contextual well-being model, and trauma-informed approaches. Theoretically, it applies a pluralist lens, combining social constructionism and pragmatism to navigate humanitarian educational research. Methodologically, the work uses reflexive thematic analysis and hybrid mixed-methods, combining qualitative interviews and quantitative pre- and post-tests with refugee children.
Findings show that multi-layered crises impair children’s emotional regulation and learning, while teachers and counselors adopting PSS roles shift toward more emotionally responsive, student-centered approaches. Short-term, tailored PSS interventions like BLP show promising impacts on children’s well-being, though challenges such as limited training, counselor burnout, and systemic barriers persist.
This thesis contributes empirically, theoretically, methodologically, and practically, offering evidence for effective short-term PSS, introducing “methodological resilience” as a research concept, and advocating for integrated PSS training, institutional support, and attention to educator well-being in humanitarian education policy. | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | Den globale flyktningkrisen er en av vår tids mest akutte humanitære og globale helseutfordringer. Selv om betydningen av å ivareta mental helse og psykososialt velvære i humanitære sammenhenger er økende, mangler lav- og mellominntektsland (LMIC), der de fleste flyktninger bor, skalerbare og kontekstsensitive tiltak. Denne doktoravhandlingen undersøker behovet for effektive psykososiale støttetiltak (PSS) for barn berørt av konflikt og krise, med fokus på kunnskapshull knyttet til implementering og tilpasning av skolebaserte PSS-programmer.
Avhandlingen bygger på to sammenhengende studier fra Libanon og utforsker (1) læreres og rådgiveres erfaringer med PSS, (2) virkningen av Better Learning Program (BLP) på barns psykososiale velvære, og (3) mekanismene bak observerte forbedringer. Den første studien undersøker institusjonaliseringen av PSS i libanesiske offentlige skoler under flerdimensjonale kriser. Den andre ser på implementeringen av BLP i to uformelle læringssentre etter havneeksplosjonen i Beirut. Ved å syntetisere innsikter fra tre forskningsartikler, søker avhandlingen å bidra til utviklingen av mer effektive og kontekstsensitive PSS-strategier og belyser de metodologiske utfordringene og den motstandskraften som kreves for å gjennomføre robust forskning i humanitære krisesituasjoner.
Forskningen bygger på en integrert konseptuell ramme som kombinerer global helse, psykotraumatologi og implementeringsvitenskap, med teoretiske forankringer i Hobfolls fem essensielle prinsipper, kontekstuell velvære-modell og traumeinformerte tilnærminger. Analytisk kombinerer den sosial konstruksjonisme og pragmatisme for å navigere komplekse forskningsmiljøer. Metodisk benyttes refleksiv tematisk analyse og hybridisert mixed methods-design, med intervjudata og kvantitative før- og ettermålinger.
Funnene viser at kriser svekker barns emosjonsregulering og læring, mens lærere og rådgivere som inntar PSS-roller, beveger seg mot mer elevsentrerte, emosjonelt responsive tilnærminger. Korttidsintervensjoner som BLP gir lovende effekter på barnas velvære, men møter barrierer som begrenset opplæring og systemiske utfordringer.
Avhandlingen bidrar empirisk, teoretisk, metodologisk og praktisk, og anbefaler at fremtidig forskning styrker kausal evidens, utforsker tilpasning og bærekraft i ulike kontekster, inkluderer barn og familier gjennom dekoloniale tilnærminger, og setter lærer- og rådgiveres velvære i sentrum for humanitær utdanningspolitikk. | en_US |
dc.description.doctoraltype | ph.d. | en_US |
dc.description.popularabstract | The global refugee crisis leaves millions of children facing trauma, stress, and disrupted education. This dissertation explores how school-based psychosocial support (PSS) programs can strengthen refugee children’s resilience and learning. Through two studies in Lebanon — in public schools and informal learning centers after the Beirut Port Blast — it examines how teachers and counselors implement PSS and how the Better Learning Program (BLP) improves children’s well-being. The short-term, tailored BLP intervention showed promising improvements, driven by psychosocial safety, self-regulation, and co-regulation. The dissertation also highlights the need for methodological resilience to conduct robust research in ongoing crisis settings. Long-term success requires better training, institutional support, and care for educators. This work delivers lessons for improving supportive, crisis-sensitive education. | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | The project has received financial support from the Porticus Foundation and from the Luxembourg government through the Directorate for Development Cooperation and Humanitarian Affairs. I thank the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) for their collaboration and facilitation of field visits in Lebanon. | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/38016 | |
dc.language.iso | eng | en_US |
dc.publisher | UiT Norges arktiske universitet | en_US |
dc.publisher | UiT The Arctic University of Norway | en_US |
dc.relation.haspart | <p>Paper I: Schenzle, S. & Schultz, J.H. (2024). “Students are bringing the revolution into the classroom!” teachers' and counselors’ perceptions of the need for psychosocial support in crisis-affected classrooms in Lebanon. <i>Teaching and Teacher Education, 139</i>, 104416. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/32892>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/32892</a>.
<p>Paper II: Gebus, S., Forsberg, J.T. & Schultz, J.H. Psychosocial Support for Refugee Children in a Multi-Layered Crisis: A Mixed-Methods Case Study in Lebanon. (Submitted manuscript).
<p>Paper III: Gebus, S., Kerbage, H., Alisic, E., Forsberg, J.T. & Schultz, J.H. Unveiling Mechanisms of Change: Analyzing A Short-term Psychosocial Support Intervention for Refugee Children in Lebanon. (Submitted manuscript). | en_US |
dc.rights.accessRights | openAccess | en_US |
dc.rights.holder | Copyright 2025 The Author(s) | |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 | en_US |
dc.rights | Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) | en_US |
dc.subject | Education in emergencies | en_US |
dc.subject | Psychosocial well-being | en_US |
dc.subject | Psychosocial support | en_US |
dc.subject | Refugee children | en_US |
dc.subject | Traumatic stress | en_US |
dc.title | “We’re Giving the Children a Safe Space in the Middle of Crises.” A Mixed-Methods Study of Teachers’ and Psychosocial Counselors’ Experiences of Implementing School-Based Psychosocial Support in Crisis-Affected Lebanon | en_US |
dc.type | Doctoral thesis | en_US |
dc.type | Doktorgradsavhandling | en_US |