We investigate factors influencing European winter (DJFM) air temperatures for the period 1979–2015 with the focus on changes during the recent period of rapid Arctic warming (1998–2015). We employ meteorological reanalyses analysed with a combination of correlation analysis, two pattern clustering techniques, and backtrajectory airmass identification. In all five selected European regions, severe ...

This paper presents eigen-analysis of image stack of blinking fluorophores to identify the components that enable super-resolved imaging of blinking fluorophores. Eigen-analysis reveals that the contributions of spatial distribution of fluorophores and their temporal photon emission characteristics can be completely separated. While cross-emitter cross-pixel information of spatial distribution ...

Magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause (MP) energizes ambient plasma via the release of magnetic energy and produces an “open” magnetosphere allowing solar wind particles to directly enter the system. At Saturn, the nature of MP reconnection remains unclear. The current study examines electron bulk heating at MP crossings, in order to probe the relationship between observed and predicted reconnection ...

The shape of the electron energy distribution has long been a central question in the field of highfrequency radio-induced optical emission experiments. This report presents estimates of the electron energy distribution function, fe(E), from 0 to 60 eV, based on optical multiwavelength (6300, 5577, 8446, 4278 A° ) data and 930-MHz incoherent scatter radar measurements of ion temperature, electron ...

We discuss the processes underlying the excitation of fishbone-like internal kink instabilities driven by supra-thermal electrons generated experimentally by different means: Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) and by Lower Hybrid (LH) power injection. The peculiarity and interest of exciting these electron fishbones by ECRH only or by LH only is also analyzed. Not only the mode stability ...

The plasma dispersion function and the reduced velocity distribution function are calculated numerically for any arbitrary velocity distribution function with cylindrical symmetry along the magnetic field. The electron velocity distribution is separated into two distributions representing the distribution of the ambient electrons and the suprathermal electrons. The velocity distribution function of ...

Three types of carbon nanotubes(CNT) have been investigated regarding their suitability as spectrally selective solar thermal absorbers.The CNT coatings were electrophoretically deposited on aluminum substrates using kinetically stable CNT aqueous suspensions, of which two CNT aqueous suspensions (N-CNT and P-CNT suspensions) were prepared as part of this study and the third one (T-CNT suspension) ...

Artificial intelligent systems often model the solutions of typical machine learning problems, inspired by biological processes, because of the biological system is faster and much adaptive than deep learning. The utility of bio-inspired learning methods lie in its ability to discover unknown patterns, and its less dependence on mathematical modeling or exhaustive training. In this paper, we propose ...

During HIV-1 transmission through T cell virological synapses, the recruitment of the envelope (Env) glycoprotein to the site of cell–cell contact is important for adhesion and for packaging onto nascent virus particles which assemble at the site. Live imaging studies in CD4 T cells have captured the rapid recruitment of the viral structural protein Gag to VSs. We explored the role of endocytic ...

<i>Aims</i>: We wish to investigate the energy conversion between particles and electromagnetic fields and determine the location where it occurs in the plasma environment of comets.<p> <p><i>Methods</i>: We used a hybrid plasma model that included photoionization, and we considered two cases of the solar extreme ultraviolet flux. Other parameters corresponded to the conditions of comet ...