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Bioactivity profiling and mode of action studies of antibacterial and antibiofilm agents of marine origin
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-01-26)<p>The emergence of drug-resistant strains and new pathogens intensifies the need for new antimicrobials. Additionally, bacterial biofilms, which contribute to persistent infections, further complicate treatment efforts. The increasing difficulty in discovering and developing new antimicrobials adds to this challenge. However, marine environments, with their vast biodiversity, offer a promising ... -
Vertical Carbon Export in a Changing Arctic Seasonal Ice Zone: Composition and seasonality in the area north of Svalbard and in an Arctic glacial fjord
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-12-11)The ocean’s biological carbon pump (BCP) is a vital part of the global carbon cycle as it produces, transforms, and transfers organic carbon from the surface ocean to the deep. To model the oceans capacity to store carbon today and in the future, we need to understand these processes well. In the Eurasian Arctic, the marine ecosystems who control most of the BCP face a rapid decline in sea ice cover, ... -
A study of economic efficiency, adaptive measures to extreme climatic events, and drivers of disease in Vietnamese white leg shrimp aquaculture
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-12-08)This thesis delves into three key research areas centered on shrimp farming: evaluating operational efficiency in shrimp farming, analyzing adaptive choices made by farmers, and forecasting disease occurrences in shrimp farms in the context of evolving climate and environmental influences. The research employed a blend of methodologies derived from pertinent literature, coupled with data acquired ... -
The influence of prey distribution on marine top predator movements
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-12-08)Predation is an ecological process that relies on spatial and temporal co-occurrence of predators and their prey. In marine ecosystems, killer and humpback whales are considered sentinels of ecosystem health, given their critical roles as top predators in shaping marine food webs and their responsiveness to ecosystem changes. As they are seldom influenced by natural threats, they are model species ... -
Foundations of GAM Research. Methodological Guidelines for Designing and Conducting Research that Combines Games and Agent-based Models
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-12-04)<p>This thesis presents the development of the games and agent-based model methodology and provides methodological guidelines for using GAM research, i.e., combining games and agent-based models in research. <p>GAM research is rooted in complexity sciences and transdisciplinary research, offering valuable insights into complex, adaptable systems. GAM research has particular relevance in decision-making ... -
A bioeconomic perspective on the Barents Sea snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio, Majidae) fishery
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-11-30)The focus of this thesis is the Barents Sea snow crab (<i>Chionoecetes opilio</i>, Majidae) fishery. The crab was first observed in the area in 1996, and a fishery for the crab commenced in 2012. Both the crab population and the fishery are still expanding. The main objective of this thesis is to develop research that contributes to an improved utilization of the crab. For this purpose, a spatial ... -
Calanus oil and its constituents as a therapeutic approach to target obesity-induced metabolic distortions
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-11-24)Obesity is one of the leading causes for the development of metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in seafood and marine oils, are shown to reduce obesity, lower blood lipid levels, change the composition of the gut microbiota and reduce the risk for cardiovascular diseases. The increased demand for seafood and marine oils has put pressure on ... -
The intraspecific diversity of Norwegian Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)): An examination of repeatability and life history
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-11-24)Across Arctic charr’s Holearctic distribution we see repeated patterns where multiple ecotypes diverge along ecological resource gradients. Arctic charr occur in both anadromous and lacustrine forms. Furthermore, lacustrine ecotypes are seen repeatedly specializing their morphology, trophic ecology, and life history along a benthic pelagic axis and along the depth gradient. Typically, a pelagic ... -
Migration Ecology of North Atlantic Humpback Whales: Mapping Movements throughout the Annual Cycle
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-11-23)Animal migration is a fascinating natural phenomenon where large numbers of animals embark on long-distance journeys, seeking out favorable environmental conditions and prey throughout the annual cycle. In this thesis, a range of techniques was used to fill major knowledge gaps in humpback whale (<i>Megaptera novaeangliae</i>) movement patterns and migration ecology in the North Atlantic Ocean. ... -
Impacts of Vegetation and Temperature Changes on Carbon Cycling Microbial Communities in Arctic Wetlands
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-11-20)Climate change causes disturbances to soil environments. Such disturbances include shifts in vegetation composition and rising temperatures, which can impact the microbial communities involved in soil carbon cycling. In this thesis, my emphasis was centered on two main aspects: the effects of vegetation changes, caused by herbivory, and the effects of temperature changes on the soil organic matter ... -
Grandparents Matter – Multigenerational transmission of health and health behaviors
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-11-07)Health is an essential component of human capital, and health inequalities are a major issue. While substantial research on the intergenerational transmission of health and health behaviors has been conducted, the questions whether and how grandparents’ health affects grandchildren remain underinvestigated. This thesis aims to better understand health inequality mechanisms by analyzing multigenerational ... -
Sublethal effects of environmental pollutant exposure in birds of prey: Evaluating biomarkers of health as indicators of contaminant-mediated effects in two sentinel raptor species
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-11-02)Environmental pollution emerged as a major concern in the mid-20th century primarily due to the unrestricted release of industrial chemicals and pesticides. Among wildlife species, apex predators, like raptors, have been heavily exposed to environmental pollutants such as organo-halogenated contaminants (OHCs) and metals (e.g., mercury). Due to their high trophic position, harmful levels of these ... -
Investigating the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the phytochemical variation of lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) in Norway
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-10-20)Lingonberry is an evergreen dwarf shrub abundant and is a food traditionally regarded as a staple of Nordic diets. There is limited commercial harvest of these readily available berries. The objective of this doctoral thesis is to investigate how the composition Norwegian lingonberries vary and investigate how the composition of the lingonberries is affected by abiotic and biotic growth conditions. ... -
Factors Influencing Seaweed Consumption: The Role of Values, Self-Identity, Norms and Attitudes
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-06-09)<p>To mitigate climate change and ecological degradation, societies must change how they produce and consume food. In 2013, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) highlighted the need to use alternative food sources to reach a more sustainable food system. In this context, seaweed has excellent potential as its production does not need fertilizers and does not engender ... -
Zooplankton seasonality at high latitudes: From community to behaviour
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-05-16)This thesis describes the seasonality of the mesozooplankton community in Ramfjord, a shallow high-latitude fjord, in terms of diversity and behavior, using a combination of new and traditional methods. The approach aimed to gain insight into how environmental drivers such as photoperiod and food availability shape seasonal changes in mesozooplankton community structure and <i>Calanus</i> spp. ... -
Genome-edited salmon: a sustainable and socially acceptable solution to aquaculture?
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-03-24)The Norwegian Atlantic salmon farming industry is halted by challenges related to environmental impact and fish welfare. Some of the issues have been suggested solved by the use of novel genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR, which allows for targeted mutations and speeding up fish breeding. For successful introduction, applications of the technology need to be socially acceptable and contribute ... -
Population dynamics and production of small, marine copepods in highly seasonal Arctic and sub-Arctic environments
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-03-17)Small copepods (≤ 2 mm) are highly abundant mesozooplankton in Arctic and sub-Arctic marine ecosystems. However, small copepods are generally underestimated in zooplankton studies because of the use of large-meshed nets (≥ 180-µm mesh size) and are relatively poorly studied compared to large copepods. This thesis investigates the egg hatching rates, population dynamics and production rates of three ... -
Atlantic salmon immune responses after infection with intracellular pathogens
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-02-21)We focused on the responses of two arms of the Atlantic salmon immune system against intracellular pathogens: the antibody (Ab) production by B cells after challenge with the facultative intracellular bacterium <i>Pisciricketsia salmonis</i> and the interferon (IFN) responses in a salmonid cell line against salmon alphavirus (SAV), infectious necrotic pancreas virus (IPNV), and <i>P. salmonis</i>. ... -
The Role of Internal Legitimacy in Shifting a Large Established Company Towards Sustainability. A Case Study of a Sustainable Transition Shift in the Oil and Gas Industry
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-02-16)<p>This thesis is motivated by the need to involve sustainability in the oil and gas industry. This thesis focuses on the sustainable transition in Equinor, the Norwegian oil and gas company. It looks, particularly, at a large established oil and gas company undergoing a sustainable change and how it performs its transition into sustainability. However, this transition poses challenges to a large ... -
Changing Business models for Sustainability: Role of drivers and dynamic capabilities in Arctic nature tourism
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-01-31)<p>This thesis investigates nature tourism companies, which strive to incorporate sustainability into their business models and change them to be more resilient. For this purpose, it adopts a dynamic perspective on business models by which companies address corporate sustainability which is understood here as a balance among environmental, social, and economic pillars as well as a sustainable ...
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