The Klebsiella pneumoniae Species Complex (KpSC) is an important group of human pathogens, of which, Klebsiella pneumoniae is most clinically important and frequently associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). K. pneumoniae gastrointestinal tract (GIT) colonisation is a key infection risk factor and hub for AMR dissemination. Here we investigated and compared the ZKIR-qPCR and whole metagenomic ...

Ulcerøs kolitt (UC) er en kronisk tarmsykdom kjennetegnet med betennelse i tykktarmen som forårsaker symptomer som magesmerter, blodig avføring og diaré. Å forstå årsakene til UC er utfordrende og involverer en kompleks blanding av faktorer som immunsystemproblemer, eksponering for mikrober og genetiske påvirkninger. Et gjennombrudd i UC-behandling kom med anti-tumor nekrose faktor (anti-TNF) ...

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), an umbrella term for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a common disease with serious complications. Meanwhile, the exact underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is pivotal in haemostasis, and likely causally involved in VTE. VWF is regulated by ADAMTS13 and can promote haemostasis in two distinct ways; i.e., interaction ...

Cognitive effort is highly familiar in everyday life and may influence our decisions and task performance. However, researchers have struggled to both define and measure cognitive effort. A range of tools measuring cognitive effort has been developed within different lines of research. Yet it is unclear to what degree these tools are related and if they are measuring the same cognitive effort ...

Prior research on action control has primarily focused on action-effect learning through behavioral experiments. However, another line of research has demonstrated that verbal information can serve as an alternative route for forming these associations, even without any active behavior. This thesis explores whether verbal instructions framed in an effect-response manner can provide an additional ...

The aim of the thesis was to explore the experiences of groups affected by the change in the Mental Health Care Act of 2017 when Norway introduced lack of consent capacity as an independent criterion for the use of coercion in mental health. Individual interviews were conducted to explore experiences with the change in the law from three perspectives in the northernmost health region of Norway. A ...

More than half of the population with HIV in the world live in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV-associated chronic lung disease is the most prevalent comorbidity among children and adolescents with HIV in this region. The pathogenesis is multifactorial and thought to be a result of chronic immune activation and repeated lung injury. CD4+ T-cells are the main target for HIV infection. As the majority of CD4+ ...

When comparing groups in the society, one can observed systematic differences in health. The higher the education the group has, the higher the proportion of the group’s member have good health. These differences are known as social inequality in health. Information concerning an individual’s socioeconomic status is often collected through self-administrated questionnaires within epidemiological ...

<p><i>Introduction</i> Hypertension and kidney damage are reciprocally related. Current blood and urine tests cannot reliably detect early kidney damage from hypertension, hindering timely prevention. A biomarker that captures kidney damage due to hypertension at an early stage might improve risk stratification and treatment. The primary objective of this project was to investigate how biomarkers ...

The liver is a major organ in the body's defense against blood-borne pathogens. It acts as a filter for the blood and is a central site for immune responses, and a central hub for various metabolic processes. Within the liver, an extensive network of small blood vessels, the hepatic sinusoids, are key sites for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood circulation and the liver ...