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The IMO’s approach to climate change mitigation: Regulatory and policy framework for reducing GHG emissions
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-09-01)Based upon the topicality of GHG emissions and the IMO’s involvement, my thesis will investigate and examine the regulatory and policy framework of the IMO for reducing GHG emissions and its alignment with the international legal framework to provide a better understanding of where we currently stand in the mitigation of the climate crisis. -
A Law of the Sea perspective on the discharge of nuclear wastewater-using Fukushima as an example
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-09-01)In the tenth year after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident caused by the Great Earthquake in Japan, the Japanese government announced that it would discharge nuclear wastewater into the sea in 2023, which is this year. According to recent news, Japan has completed an undersea pipeline and is preparing to officially discharge nuclear wastewater into the sea through the pipeline at the end of ... -
To what extent is the use of underwater surveillance equipment for security and military purposes in conformity with the Law of the Sea?
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-08-29)The master thesis examines to what extent the use of underwater surveillance equipment for security and military purposes is in conformity with the Law of the Sea. -
Legally analysing and addressing the Effects of Ocean Acidification in a European Union law context through the lens of the Ecosystem Approach
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-05-31)Ocean Acidification (OA) continues to have an increasing impact on the marine waters of the European Union (EU). Nevertheless, there is no legal framework in place that addresses OA sufficiently enough to reduce or even halt it. Therefore, it has become necessary to consider possible avenues and legal instruments that can tackle the consequences of OA. As the current sectorial approach to ... -
Energy Transition in Norway, Sweden, and Portugal: Reconciling Conflicts Between Climate and Environmental Objectives in the context of Hydropower Production
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-05-30)Promoting renewable energy and transitioning away from fossil fuels are crucial in combating climate change. However, the production of renewable energy often poses risks to biodiversity. For example, hydropower production, while contributing to the renewable energy share, can have significant negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems and the dependent ecosystems. The European Union (EU) has played a ... -
The legal framework provided by the Equitable and Reasonable Utilization Principle for the establishment of climate change-proof transboundary water management agreements between co-riparian States
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-05-30)This paper explores the legal framework brought forward by the Equitable and Reasonable Utilization Principle (ERUP) over transboundary waters and questions its relevance to the establishment of agreements between riparian States that are resilient to climate change and its related upcoming challenges. By investigating major legal texts in international water law, this thesis describes the content ... -
Regulating the Impacts of Offshore Energy Activities on Arctic Marine Biodiversity: An Analysis from the Norwegian Perspective
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-05-29)There does not exist any established legal framework nor any comprehensive treaty regulating offshore activities in the Arctic, although they are being developed at an exponentially increasing rate. Offshore energy projects have a direct impact on Arctic marine biodiversity. In order to lower this impact, human activities in this sector must be regulated. There cannot be a choice between protecting ... -
The Gender-Climate Change Nexus – A critical study of a gender-transformative approach to the international climate change regime
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-05-29)This thesis aims to shed some light on the gender-climate change nexus. Indeed, climate governance might appear gender-neutral, but climate changes impacts aggravate existing gender inequalities. Because of this, gender and women’s considerations have been first ignored, and once they were taken into account, they were misunderstood. Therefore, the full and meaningful integration of gender and women’s ... -
To bind or not to bind? A legal analysis of the EU energy targets
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2022-06-14)European Union is an incontestable leader in environmental matters. Its climate change framework includes high ambitious with ramifications beyond purely environmental concerns. The increasing concerns regarding the greenhouse gases emissions, led the European Union to strengthen the policies of the most impactful sector, namely the energy sector. The Energy industry became the reason for climate, ... -
Legal and regulatory challenges to the development of renewable energy communities
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-05-31)The Renewable Energy Directive defines Renewable Energy Communities (REC) as legal entities with open and voluntary participation, controlled by shareholders or members near renewable energy projects. REC aims to provide environmental, economic, or social benefits to shareholders and local areas, focusing on activities like generation, consumption, aggregation, energy supply, and sharing. The study ... -
Towards Nature Sustainable Business with Corporate Social Responsibility Regulation - Study on the Legalisation of Corporate Environmental Responsibility
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-05-31)Biodiversity is globally degrading with an unprecedented speed. Biodiversity loss is not a threat only to ecosystems but also global economy since global business is inherently linked healthy ecosystem services. The practices of private companies, and especially of multinational corporations, can cause significant adverse impacts on the environment. The concept of corporate social responsibility ... -
Deep Seabed Mining in Areas within National Jurisdiction: Analysis of the Norwegian legal framework in the context of the marine environmental law
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-05-30)This study utilizes the legal dogmatic method to analyse the current state of the deep seabed mining regulation within the international landscape and Norwegian national legislation, providing an accessible overview of the Marine Environmental Law framework. This thesis aims to unveil the true dimension of the relationship between International Law and national jurisdiction, choosing the Norwegian ... -
The inclusion of the maritime transport sector in the EU ETS, a comparison with the aviation sector
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-05-29)The inclusion of the maritime transport sector in the recent reform of the EU ETS is a major step forward in its decarbonisation process. At the same time, there is the example of the aviation sector, whose experience in the EU ETS has been troubled and has not been able to function as planned from the beginning, largely due to strong opposition from the international community. This scenario brings ... -
A Critical Perspective on the Principle of State Sovereignty Over Natural Resources and its Role in Hindering the Effective Regulation of Climate Change at the International Stage
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-05-26)This thesis explores the dual roles of states within the regime of climate change. On the one hand, as actors contributing to climate change and, on the one hand, as the primary lawmakers in this legal regime. Being the primary actors within the regime of climate change means that States, due to the principle of sovereignty and sovereignty over natural resources, have a crucial role in determining ... -
Comparative Study of Mineral Resource Management and Environmental Protection in the Area and Antarctica
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-05-25)In this thesis, I shall compare the different regimes regulating mineral resource management and environmental protection in the Area and Antarctica, and how these two regimes affect the rights and obligations of developing States. In order to do this, I shall make use of a doctrinal legal research approach to describe each regime, and shall additionally make use of elements from comparative ... -
Luftkvalitet i kommunal arealplanlegging; En EØS-rettslig studie
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-04-12)<p>Luftkvalitet brukes som betegnelse på konsentrasjonene av forurensende stoffer i luften. Lokalt har luftkvaliteten stor påvirkning på menneskers helse og økosystemets bæreevne. Gjennom EØS-retten er Norge underlagt direktiver som pålegger myndighetene å ha kunnskaper om luftkvaliteten i landets syv geografiske soner til enhver tid. Myndighetene er også pålagt å skaffe seg kunnskaper om virkningen ... -
EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism - A Potential Barrier to International Trade or a Possible Solution to Carbon Leakage?
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2022-05-30)In July 2021, the European Commission presented a legislative package to support the EU’s strengthened climate ambitions. As part of the package, a proposal for a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) was published. The CBAM is a climate measure that aims to prevent the risk of carbon leakage by introducing a price for greenhouse gas emissions on certain products imported into the EU. However, ... -
Swedish licensed hunting of the wolf under the Habitats Directive. Does Swedish hunting law live up to the requirements of EU biodiversity law?
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2022-05-30)This thesis analyses the Swedish legislation relating to the licensed hunting of the wolf, under the lens of the Habitats Directive. This analysis is underpinned by the Environmental Law Method in order to internalize ecological knowledge in the legal discourse, since environmental law should be constructed on the full understanding of its object, that is, the environment. In this sense, two main ... -
Environmental Justice in the European Union's Strategic Environmental Assessment Procedure – Lessons from Sweden's Implementation
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2022-05-29)While the European Union's Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Directive strongly emphasises the importance of procedural justice in environmental matters, it has not yet explicitly called for the inclusion of Environmental Justice concerns. Thereby, the Directive seems to neglect inequities in environmental decision-making, which are often faced by marginalised groups. This potential lack of ... -
Creating compatibility between expansion of Hydropower and Conservation of Biodiversity: A comparative analysis between the stand taken by Portugal and Norway
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-05-31)Expansion of renewable energy is at the very centre of the European Green Deal. In every possible energy mix policy in the EU, it has been found that hydropower is and will continue to remain as an integral part of it. However, on the path of reaching for carbon-neutrality, the EU right now settled with this hydropower as an unavoidable renewable energy source which is not completely green. It's ...
