Interferometry applications (e.g., radio astronomy) often wish to optimize the placement of the interferometric elements. One such optimal criterion is a uniform distribution of non-redundant element spacings (in both distance and position angle). While large systems, with many elements, can rely on saturating the sample space, and disregard “wasted” sampling, small arrays with only a few elements ...

Climate change poses challenges for decision makers across society, not just in preparing for the climate of the future but even when planning for the climate of the present day. When making climate sensitive decisions, policy makers and adaptation planners would benefit from information on local scales and for user-specific quantiles (e.g. the hottest/coldest 5% of days) and thresholds (e.g. ...

Automated classification of sea-ice types in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery is complicated by the class-dependent decrease of backscatter intensity with Incidence Angle (IA). In the log-domain, this decrease is approximately linear over the typical range of space-borne SAR instruments. A global correction does not consider that different surface types show different rates of decrease in ...

We introduce maps of Cauchy–Green strain tensor eigenvalues to barycentric coordinates to quantify and visualize the full geometry of three-dimensional deformation in stationary and non-stationary fluid flows. As a natural extension of Lagrangian coherent structure diagnostics, which provide separate scalar fields and a one-dimensional quantification of fluid deformation, our barycentric mapping ...

A large-scale multidisciplinary mesocosm experiment in an Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard; 78°56.2′N) was used to study Arctic marine food webs and biogeochemical elements cycling at natural and elevated future carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. At the start of the experiment, marine-derived chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) dominated the CDOM pool. Thus, this experiment constituted a ...

Marine icing is a phenomenon that may occur for temperatures below subfreezing where sea spray either is lofted from the sea surface or being generated by waves interacting with a ship or a structure. On a voyage from Tromsø to the waters east of Bjørnøya late February 1987, the Norwegian Coast Guard vessel KV Nordkapp experienced heavy icing due to a polar low that raged over these waters during ...

Marine operations require careful early planning and thereafter detailed planning prior to project execution. The time from initiating an operation to finalization of the activity is typically several days. The activity can only be conducted during limited weather conditions. The planning prior to the offshore operations does, therefore, require accurate weather forecasting. The weather conditions ...

Kongsfjorden, a fjord in north-western Svalbard, is characterized by large environmental gradients driven by meltwater processes along the margins of tidewater glaciers and the inflow of relatively warm Atlantic Water, the main heat source for the European Arctic. These factors make Kongsfjorden a key area to investigate changes in the polar climate–ocean–glacier system and to examine the resulting ...

In this thesis, marine targets in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery are studied. The appearance of different marine targets in different polarization channels, their scattering behaviour, and their contrast measures and geometric properties are investigated. RADARSAT-2 data containing ships, oil rigs and icebergs in ocean and/or sea ice background are evaluated. To be able to detect a target ...

Maritim sikkerhet ble spesielt kjent etter utbruddet av somalisk piratvirksomhet i årene etter 2008 (Bueger, 2014). Piratvirksomheten utenfor Somalia har lenge representert en trussel mot den internasjonale handelen på grunn av den fysiske påvirkningen den har på skip og dens besetning, samt den avskrekkende effekten den har på handelen i regionen (Winn & Lewis, 2017). Denne studien har sett nærmere ...