In industry 4.0 manufacturing, sensors provide information about the state, behavior, and performance of processes. Therefore, one of the main goals of Industry 4.0 is to collect high-quality data to realize its business goal, namely zero-defect manufacturing, and high-quality products. However, hardware sensors cannot always gather quality data due to several factors. First, industrial 4.0 deploys ...

The predictive power of modern deep learning approaches is posed to revolutionize the medical imaging field, however, their usefulness and applicability are severely limited by the lack of well annotated data. Liver segmentation in CT images is an application that could benefit particularly well from less data hungry methods and potentially lead to better liver volume estimation and tumor detection. ...

The transaction-rate bottleneck built into popular proof-of-work-based cryptocurrencies, like Bitcoin and Ethereum, leads to fee markets where transactions are included according to a first-price auction for block space. Many attempts have been made to adjust and predict the fee volatility, but even well-formed transactions sometimes experience unexpected delays and evictions unless a substantial ...

An absolute shielding scale is proposed for ²⁰⁷Pb nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It is based on ab initio calculations performed on an isolated tetramethyllead Pb(CH₃)₄ molecule and the assignment of the experimental resonance frequency from the gas-phase NMR spectra of Pb(CH₃)₄, extrapolated to zero density of the buffer gas to ...

Denne avhandlingen er basert på fire sedimentkjerner fra et område ved Vest Svalbard hvor metan siver opp fra havbunnen. Studien fokuserer på å rekonstruere graden av metanutsiving i fortiden, samt klimavariasjoner i Arktiske strøk med bruk av bentiske foraminiferer. Foraminiferer er encellede organismer som produserer en kalkholdig skall som bevares i sedimentene på havbunnen. Ved å se på geokjemiske ...

Quantifying marine methane fluxes of free gas (bubbles) from the seafloor into the water column is of importance for climate related studies, for example, in the Arctic, reliable methodologies are also of interest for studying man-made gas and oil leakage systems at hydrocarbon production sites. Hydroacoustic surveys with singlebeam and nowadays also multibeam systems have been proven to be a ...

The Vestnesa Ridge, located off the west Svalbard margin, is a >60 km long ridge consisting of fine-grained sediments that host a deep-marine gas hydrate and associated seepage system. Geological and geophysical observations indicate the predominance of vertical fluid expulsion through fractures with pockmarks expressed on the seafloor along the entire ridge. However, despite the apparent evidence ...

Large quantities of methane are stored in hydrates and permafrost within shallow marine sediments in the Arctic Ocean. These reservoirs are highly sensitive to climate warming, but the fate of methane released from sediments is uncertain. Here, we review the principal physical and biogeochemical processes that regulate methane fluxes across the seabed, the fate of this methane in the water column, ...

Introduced by the late Per Bak and his colleagues, self-organized criticality (SOC) has been one of the most stimulating concepts to come out of statistical mechanics and condensed matter theory in the last few decades, and has played a significant role in the development of complexity science. SOC, and more generally fractals and power laws, have attracted much comment, ranging from the very ...

Hydrothermal vents modify and displace subsurface dissolved organic matter (DOM) into the ocean. Once in the ocean, this DOM is transported together with elements, particles, dissolved gases and biomass along with the neutrally buoyant plume layer. Considering the number and extent of actively venting hydrothermal sites in the oceans, their contribution to the oceanic DOM pool may be substantial. ...