Although a substantial ice cover has been identified within the mid-latitudes of Mars, there is uncertainty regarding the formation, current and former volume, and dynamic evolution of these ice masses. Here, we present the first comprehensive ice volume estimate of martian glacier-like forms (GLFs) from systematic population scale mapping and volumetric analysis. The outlines of 1243 GLFs were ...

By analyzing a data set from the European Incoherent SCATter (EISCAT) Very High Frequency (VHF) radar at Tromsø, we find that both radar reflectivity and upward ion velocity in a polar mesospheric summer echo (PMSE) layer simultaneously increased at the commencement of a local geomagnetic disturbance, which occurred at midnight on 9 July 2013. The onset of the upward velocity was followed by periodic ...

Estimating/retrieving solar radiation through satellite-based remote sensing provides larger spatial coverage compared to other methods. Accurate estimates of incoming solar radiation is important when planning new solar energy installations. In addition, these estimates are also used in climate studies. Geostationary satellites are ideal for estimating solar radiation but cannot be used for high ...

In this study, we report lipid biomarker patterns and phylogenetic identities of key microbial communities mediating anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in active mud volcanoes (MVs) on the continental slope of the Canadian Beaufort Sea. The carbon isotopic compositions (δ13C) of sn-2- and sn-3-hydroxyarchaeol showed the highly 13C-depleted values (−114 ‰ to −82 ‰) associated with a steep depletion ...

<p><i>Background</i>: Type-1 diabetes is a condition caused by the lack of insulin hormone, which leads to an excessive increase in blood glucose level. The glucose kinetics process is difficult to control due to its complex and nonlinear nature and with state variables that are difficult to measure.</p> <p><i>Methods</i>: This paper proposes a method for automatically calculating the basal and ...

In the Devonian–Carboniferous, a rapid succession of clustered extensional and contractional tectonic events is thought to have affected sedimentary rocks in central Spitsbergen, Svalbard. These events include Caledonian post-orogenic extensional collapse associated with the formation of thick Early–Middle Devonian basins, Late Devonian–Mississippian Ellesmerian contraction, and Early–Middle ...

<p>The mapping of an electronic state on a real-space support lattice may offer advantages over a basis set ansatz in cases where there are linear dependences due to basis set overcompleteness or when strong internal or external fields are present. Such discretization methods are also of interest because they allow for the convenient numerical integration of matrix elements of local operators. We ...

We present an implementation and application of electron dynamics based on real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) and relativistic 2-component X2C and 4-component Dirac–Coulomb (4c) Hamiltonians to the calculation of electron circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion spectra. In addition, the resolution-of-identity approximation for the Coulomb term (RI-J) is introduced ...

Statistical Data analysis and visualization approaches to identify ship speed power performance under relative wind (i.e. apparent wind) profiles are considered in this study. Ship performance and navigation data of a selected vessel are analyzed, where various data anomalies, i.e. sensor related erroneous data conditions, are identified. Those erroneous data conditions are investigated and several ...

Abstract Several ultramafic outcrops are located along a specific tectono-stratigraphic unit in the Trondheim Nappe Complex, Central Scandinavian Caledonides. The relative timing and kinematics of these rocks are investigated by the use of structural, petrographical and mineralogical data from its host rocks. The metasedimentary host rocks are part of the Sel and Heidal Groups of the Røros and ...