Down syndrome (DS) is a complex genetic disorder associated with substantial physical, cognitive, and behavioral challenges. Due to better treatment options for the physical co-morbidities of DS, the life expectancy of individuals with DS is beginning to approach that of the general population. However, the cognitive deficits seen in individuals with DS still cannot be addressed pharmacologically. ...

Taylor's hypothesis, or the frozen turbulence approximation, can be used to estimate also the specific energy dissipation rate ϵ by comparing experimental results with the Kolmogorov–Obukhov expression. The hypothesis assumes that a frequency detected by an instrument moving with a constant large velocity <i><b>V</i></b> can be related to a wavenumber by <i><b>ω=kV</i></b>. It is, however, not obvious ...

It is of considerable benefit to combine information obtained from different satellite sensors to achieve advanced and improved characterization of sea ice conditions. However, it is also true that not all the information is relevant. It may be redundant, corrupted, or unnecessary for the given task, hence decreasing the performance of the algorithms. Therefore, it is crucial to select an optimal ...

As the scaling of silicon PV cells and module manufacturing has driven solar energy penetration up and costs down, concentrator photovoltaic technologies, originally conceived as a cost-saving measure, have largely been left behind. The loss of market share by CPV is being locked in even as solar energy development encounters significant obstacles related to space constraints in many parts of ...

The performance of piezoelectric sensors deteriorated due to the presence of defect, delamination, and corrosion that needed to be diagnosed for the effective implementation of the structural health monitoring (SHM) framework. A novel experimental approach based on Coulomb coupling is devised to visualise the interaction of ultrasonic waves with microscale defects in the Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT). ...

Medical devices with an effective anti-colonization surface are important tools for combatting healthcare-associated infections. Here, we investigated the anti-colonization efficacy of antimicrobial peptides covalently attached to a gold model surface. The gold surface was modified by a self-assembled polyethylene glycol monolayer with an acetylene terminus. The peptides were covalently connected ...

The synthesis of novel 5,7-diaryl and diheteroaryl indoles has been explored via efficient double Suzuki–Miyaura coupling. The method notably employs a low catalyst loading of Pd(PPh₃)₄ (1.5 mol%/coupling) and water as the reaction solvent to obtain 5,7-diarylated indoles without using N-protecting groups in up to 91% yield. The approach is also suitable for N-protected and ...

We investigate the effect of relativity on harmonic vibrational frequencies. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the four-component Dirac–Coulomb Hamiltonian have been performed for 15 hydrides (H₂X, X = O, S, Se, Te, Po; XH₃, X = N, P, As, Sb, Bi; and XH₄, X = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) as well as for HC≡CPbH₃. The vibrational frequencies have been ...

Nearly a half-century after Gouterman classified the UV–vis–NIR spectra of porphyrin derivatives as normal, hyper, or hypso, we propose a heretofore unsuspected “mechanism” underlying hypso spectra. Hypsoporphyrins, which exhibit blueshifted optical spectra relative to normal porphyrins (such as Zn porphyrins), typically involve dn transition metal ions, where n > 6. The spectral blueshifts have ...

We derive upper bounds on the complexity of ReLU neural networks approximating the solution maps of parametric partial differential equations. In particular, without any knowledge of its concrete shape, we use the inherent low dimensionality of the solution manifold to obtain approximation rates which are significantly superior to those provided by classical neural network approximation results. ...