The crystal structure of haemoglobin from Atlantic cod has been solved to 2.54 A˚ resolution. The structure consists of two tetramers in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. The structure of haemoglobin obtained from one individual cod suggests polymorphism in the tetrameric assembly.

Large amounts of methane are trapped within gas hydrate in subseabed sediments in the Arctic Ocean, and bottom-water warming may induce the release of methane from the seafloor. Yet the effect of seasonal temperature variations on methane seepage activity remains unknown as surveys in Arctic seas are conducted mainly in summer. Here we compare the activity of cold seeps along the gas hydrate stability ...

<p>Minimally invasive technologies to characterize the structure and functionality of biological samples on the cellular and molecular scale are fundamental to life sciences. Optical fluorescence imaging at visible wavelengths is able to acquire to do so. Due to the wavelike nature of light the maximum achievable resolution in conventional microscopy is limited by diffraction, about half the wavelength ...

Labelfree nanoscopy encompasses optical imaging with resolution in the 100 nm range using visible wavelengths. Here, we present a labelfree nanoscopy method that combines coherent imaging techniques with waveguide microscopy to realize a <i>super-condenser</i> featuring maximally inclined coherent darkfield illumination with artificially stretched wave vectors due to large refractive indices of the ...

We introduce the fully automatic design of a numerically optimized decision-tree algorithm and demonstrate its application to sea ice classification from SAR data. In the decision tree, an initial multi-class classification problem is split up into a sequence of binary problems. Each branch of the tree separates one single class from all other remaining classes, using a class-specific selected feature ...

We construct high-order derivative operators for smooth functions represented via discontinuous multiwavelet bases. The need for such operators arises in order to avoid artifacts when computing functionals involving high-order derivatives of solutions of integral equations. Previously high-order derivatives had to be formed by repeated application of a first-derivative operator that, while uniquely ...

Over the recent years, ship traffic in the polar areas has increased. There is reason to believe that this traffic, and especially the cruise traffic, will increase further as the ice retracts towards the poles. There is also reason to believe that with the continued focus and exposure of the Polar Region, the cruise tourism to the region will grow. The increased presence in the polar areas will ...

Synthetic aperture radar data acquired by the Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT-1) over experimental oil spills is here investigated. One quad-polarization scene in the Fine Resolution Alternate Polarization Stripmap (FRS-2) mode is analyzed to evaluate the potential of using this mode for oil spill observation.<br> Oil slicks of varying type and age are clearly detected in the HH and VV channels, with ...

Geotechnical characteristics of contouritic deposition often lead to preconditioning slope instabilities and failures along glaciated and formerly glaciated continental margins.<br> However, internal depositional geometry is also an important factor in triggering instabilities. This work highlights the importance of the tectonic and oceanographic evolution of the Northwestern (NW) Svalbard margin ...

The electric and magnetic field instrument suite FIELDS on board the NASA Parker Solar Probe and the radio and plasma waves instrument RPW on the ESA Solar Orbiter mission that explore the inner heliosphere are sensitive to signals generated by dust impacts. Dust impacts have been observed using electric field antennas on spacecraft since the 1980s and the method was recently used with a number of ...