The concept of percolation is combined with a self-consistent treatment of the interaction between the dynamics on a lattice and the external drive. Such a treatment can provide a mechanism by which the system evolves to criticality without fine tuning, thus offering a route to self-organized criticality (SOC) which in many cases is more natural than the weak random drive combined with ...

The automatic detection and analysis of ocean eddies in the marginal ice zone via remote sensing is a very challenging task but of critical importance for scientific applications and anthropogenic activities. Therefore, as one of the first steps toward the automation of the eddy detection process, we investigated the potential of applying YOLOv5, a deep convolutional neural network architecture, to ...

Xanthines such as caffeine and theobromine are among the most consumed psychoactive stimulants in the world, either as natural components of cofee, tea and chocolate, or as added ingredients. The present study assessed if xanthines affect liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC). Cultured primary rat LSEC were challenged with xanthines at concentrations typically obtained from normal consumption of ...

We have considered the effect that a local reduction in the electron density (an electron bite-out), caused by electron absorption on to dust particles, can have on the artificial electron heating in the height region between 80 to 90 km, where noctilucent clouds (NLC) and the radar phenomenon PMSE (Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes) are observed. With an electron density profile without ...

In an incoherent scattering radar experiment, the spectral measurement of the so-called up- and downshifted electron plasma lines provides information about their intensity and their Doppler frequency. These two spectral lines correspond, in the backscatter geom- etry, to two Langmuir waves travelling towards and away from the radar. In the daytime ionosphere, the presence of a small percentage ...

The objective of this paper is to investigate the dependency of oil spill observations in polarimetric SAR data on imaging geometry, i.e., on incidence angle and look direction relative to the wind. The study is based on quad-polarization data acquired by the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar over experimental oil slicks under relatively high winds of 10–12 m/s over an 8-hour period. ...

Larval stages are among those most vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA). Projected atmospheric CO2 levels for the end of this century may lead to negative impacts on communities dominated by calcifying taxa with planktonic life stages. We exposed Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) sperm and early life stages to pHT levels of 8.0 (current pH) and 7.6 (2100 level) by manipulating pCO2 ...

Antarctic ice shelves, by restraining ice streams and affecting the discharge of grounded ice, play a critical role in the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet. In this study, sub-ice shelf CTD measurements and time series data from an ice shelf cavity mooring were used to detect subglacial runoff beneath the Filchner Ice Shelf. CTD measurements from four boreholes across the southern Filchner ...

We investigate factors influencing European winter (DJFM) air temperatures for the period 1979–2015 with the focus on changes during the recent period of rapid Arctic warming (1998–2015). We employ meteorological reanalyses analysed with a combination of correlation analysis, two pattern clustering techniques, and backtrajectory airmass identification. In all five selected European regions, severe ...

Efficient routing optimization yields benefits that extend beyond mere financial gains. In this thesis, we present a methodology that utilizes a graph convolutional neural network to facilitate the development of energy-efficient waste collection routes. Our approach focuses on a Waste company in Tromsø, Remiks, and uses real-life datasets, ensuring practicability and ease of implementation. In ...