This paper evaluates the performance of fully polarimetric SAR data in iceberg detection and characterization. The study aims to explore the potential of RADARSAT-2 SAR data to detect icebergs and growlers in Svalbard that have broken off from the glaciers nearby. To be able to detect iceberg/growlers in a SAR image, a significant contrast between iceberg and background clutter is required. The ...

The multifrequency formalism is generalized and exploited to quantify attractive forces, i.e., van der Waals interactions, with small amplitudes or gentle forces in bimodal and trimodal atomic force microscopy (AFM). The multifrequency force spectroscopy formalism with higher modes, including trimodal AFM, can outperform bimodal AFM for material property quantification. Bimodal AFM with the second ...

In pregnancy during an inflammatory condition, macrophages present at the feto-maternal junction release an increased amount of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and INF-γ, which can disturb the trophoblast functions and pregnancy outcome. Measurement of the cellular and sub-cellular morphological modifications associated with inflammatory responses are important in order ...

Red blood cells (RBCs) have the ability to undergo morphological deformations during microcirculation, such as changes in surface area, volume and sphericity. Optical waveguide trapping is suitable for trapping, propelling and deforming large cell populations along the length of the waveguide. Bright field microscopy employed with waveguide trapping does not provide quantitative information about ...

A new incoherent scatter radar called EISCAT 3D is being constructed in northern Scandinavia. It will have the capability to produce volumetric images of ionospheric plasma parameters using aperture synthesis radar imaging. This study uses the current design of EISCAT 3D to explore the theoretical radar imaging performance when imaging electron density in the E region and compares numerical techniques ...

Incoherent scatter radar observations of ionospheric plasmas rely on echoes from electron density fluctuations with properties governed by the dispersion relations for ion acoustic and Langmuir waves. Radar observations of echoes associated with Langmuir waves (plasma lines) from thermal plasma are weak, and only a few near‐thermal level measurements have been reported. Plasma line echoes are typically ...

Dust plasma phenomena occur in the Earth ionosphere in particular in the meteor ablation zone at altitudes ~50-95 km and above where radar meteors form. Radar also detect coherent polar mesospheric radar echoes (PME), i.e. radar echoes that are caused by spatial variations in the plasma refractive index at around 80 to 90 km altitude in the Earth’s mesosphere. During summer, PM(S)E form in the ...

The study of coronal energy transport, central to the solar wind acceleration problem, relies upon accurate representation of magnetic fields and plasma electron densities. This information is difficult to obtain in middle‐to‐lower coronal regions that may contain complex magnetic structures. Faraday rotation (FR) solar radio occultation observations, which reveal line‐of‐sight (LOS) integrated ...

In the mining industry, equipment are continuously increasing in size and complexity. At the same time, the demand for available plants and continuous production has never been higher. The performance of equipment depends on the reliability and maintainability performance of the equipment along with the maintenance supportability, operational conditions, and environmental conditions. In order to ...

The Jicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO) two-dimensional square array radar system operating at ~ 6-m wavelength was used to study the Moon and low Earth orbit satellites using the Range-Doppler inverse synthetic aperture radar technique also known as Delay-Doppler imaging. The radar data was collected on Oct 21, 2015. A circularly polarized coded pulse was transmitted from a quarter-array antenna ...