Blar i tittel Artikler, rapporter og annet (arktisk og marin biologi)
Viser treff 1012-1031 av 1515
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Parasitic plant small RNA analyses unveil parasite- specific signatures of microRNA retention, loss, and gain
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-07-21)Parasitism is a successful life strategy that has evolved independently in several families of vascular plants. The genera Cuscuta and Orobanche represent examples of the two profoundly different groups of parasites: one parasitizing host shoots and the other infecting host roots. In this study, we sequenced and described the overall repertoire of small RNAs from Cuscuta campestris and Orobanche ... -
Parasitoids indicate major climate-induced shifts in arctic communities
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-06-05)Climatic impacts are especially pronounced in the Arctic, which as a region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe. Here, we investigate how mean climatic conditions and rates of climatic change impact parasitoid insect communities in 16 localities across the Arctic. We focus on parasitoids in a widespread habitat, Dryas heathlands, and describe parasitoid community composition in terms ... -
Pathogen Exposure in White Whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Svalbard, Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-12-29)The Svalbard white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) population is one of the smallest in the world, making it particularly vulnerable to challenges such as climate change and pathogens. In this study, serum samples from live captured (2001-2016) white whales from this region were investigated for influenza A virus (IAV) antibodies (Abs) (n = 27) and RNA (n = 25); morbillivirus (MV) Abs (n = 3) and RNA ... -
Pathogen surveillance in Southern Ocean pinnipeds
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-17)Knowledge of the health status and potential effect of disease outbreaks among Southern Ocean fauna may be decisive for its conservation. We assessed the exposure and infection of Antarctic fur seals (<i>Arctocephalus gazella</i>, AFS) and Southern elephant seals (<i>Mirounga leonine</i>, SES) to parapoxvirus, <i>Phocid alphaherpesvirus-1</i> (PhHV-1), smooth <i>Brucella</i> spp. and <i>Toxoplasma ... -
Patterns and repeatability of multi-ecotype assemblages of sympatric salmonids
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-04)Aim: High repeatability among assemblages of closely related but ecologically distinct ecotypes implies predictability in evolution and assembly of communities. The conditions under which ecotype assemblages form predictably, and the reasons, have been little investigated. Here, we test whether repeatability declines as the number of ecotypes builds.<p> <p>Location: Postglacial lakes with a ... -
Pelagic Ecosystem Characteristics Across the Atlantic Water Boundary Current from Rijpfjorden, Svalbard, to the Arctic Ocean during Summer (2010-2014)
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019-04-09)The northern coast of Svalbard contains high-arctic fjords, such as Rijpfjorden (80°N 22°30′E). This area has experienced higher sea and air temperatures and less sea ice in recent years, and models predict increasing temperatures in this region. Part of the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC), which transports relatively warm Atlantic water along the continental slope west of Svalbard, bypasses these ... -
Pelagic ecosystem dynamics between late autumn and the post spring bloom in a sub-Arctic fjord
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-05-13)Marine ecosystems, and particularly fjords, are experiencing an increasing level of human activity on a yearround basis, including the poorly studied winter period. To improve the knowledge base for environmentally sustainable management in all seasons, this study provides hydrographic and biological baseline data for the sub-Arctic fjord Kaldfjorden, Northern Norway (69.7 N, 18.7 E), between ... -
Pelagic eutrophication in the Gulf of Riga
(Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2005-01-06)Quantitative estimates of the fluxes and dynamics in the nutrient load on marine environments, their distribution and channelling through the food web and the effect on the increase of new production, are fundamental and constitute a prerequisite for the planning of actions for water protection measures. The Gulf of Riga is no exception. The Gulf is a semi-enclosed part of the eastern Baltic ... -
Pelagic food web structure in high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) and naturally iron fertilized waters in the Kerguelen Islands region, Southern Ocean
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-19)The Kerguelen Plateau is a region of natural iron fertilization in the Southern Ocean, within the typically iron limited High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll (HNLC) waters of the eastward flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Between 26 February and 19 March 2018, the MOBYDICK expedition investigated pelagic ecosystem dynamics in the Kerguelen Island region on the northern plateau during the post-phytoplankton ... -
Pelagic food-webs in a changing Arctic: a trait-based perspective suggests a mode of resilience
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-06-27)Arctic marine ecosystems support fisheries of significant and increasing economic and nutritional value. Commercial stocks are sustained by pelagic food webs with relatively few keystone taxa mediating energy transfer to higher trophic levels, and it remains largely unknown how these taxa will be affected by changing climate and the influx of boreal taxa. <i>Calanus</i> species store large quantities ... -
Pelagic occurrences of the ice amphipod Apherusa glacialis throughout the Arctic
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-01-10)<i>Apherusa glacialis</i> is a common, sea ice-associated amphipod found throughout the Arctic Ocean and has long been considered permanently associated with the sea ice habitat. However, pelagic occurrences of <i>A. glacialis</i> have also been reported. It was recently suggested that <i>A. glacialis</i> overwinters at depth within the Atlantic-water inflow near Svalbard, to avoid being exported ... -
Pelagic occurrences of the ice amphipod Apherusa glacialis throughout the Arctic
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-01-10)<i>Apherusa glacialis</i> is a common, sea ice-associated amphipod found throughout the Arctic Ocean and has long been considered permanently associated with the sea ice habitat. However, pelagic occurrences of <i>A. glacialis</i> have also been reported. It was recently suggested that <i>A. glacialis</i> overwinters at depth within the Atlantic-water inflow near Svalbard, to avoid being exported ... -
Pelagic organisms avoid white, blue, and red artificial light from scientific instruments
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-22)In situ observations of pelagic fish and zooplankton with optical instruments usually rely on external light sources. However, artificial light may attract or repulse marine organisms, which results in biased measurements. It is often assumed that most pelagic organisms do not perceive the red part of the visible spectrum and that red light can be used for underwater optical measurements of biological ... -
Persistence of arctic-alpine flora during 24,000 years of environmental change in the Polar Urals.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-12-23)Plants adapted to extreme conditions can be at high risk from climate change; arctic-alpine plants, in particular, could “run out of space” as they are out-competed by expansion of woody vegetation. Mountain regions could potentially provide safe sites for arctic-alpine plants in a warmer climate, but empirical evidence is fragmentary. Here we present a 24,000-year record of species persistence based ... -
Pestivirus Infections in Semi-Domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus): A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Serological Study in Finnmark County, Norway.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-12-26)Members of the Pestivirus genus (family <i>Flaviviridae</i>) cause severe and economically important diseases in livestock. Serological studies have revealed the presence of pestiviruses in different cervid species, including wild and semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer. In this retrospective study, serum samples collected between 2006 and 2008 from 3339 semi-domesticated Eurasian reindeer ... -
Pharmacokinetics of a long-acting subcutaneous eprinomectin injection in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) - a pilot study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-12-17)Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) are exposed to the pathogenic parasitic nematode Elaphostrongylus rangiferi during grazing. The severity of disease is dose-dependent. Prophylactic anthelmintic treatment is needed to improve animal health and reindeer herding sustainability. Herds are traditionally only gathered once during the summer, requiring a drug with a persistent effect. In this study ... -
Phenological and elevational shifts of plants, animals and fungi under climate change in the European Alps
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-27)Mountain areas are biodiversity hotspots and provide a multitude of ecosystem services of irreplaceable socio-economic value. In the European Alps, air temperature has increased at a rate of about 0.36°C decade<sup>−1</sup> since 1970, leading to glacier retreat and significant snowpack reduction. Due to these rapid environmental changes, this mountainous region is undergoing marked changes in spring ... -
Phenology and cover of plant growth forms predict herbivore habitat selection in a high latitude ecosystem
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014)The spatial and temporal distribution of forage quality is among the most central factors affecting herbivore habitat selection. Yet, for high latitude areas, forage quantity has been found to be more important than quality. Studies on large ungulate foraging patterns are faced with methodological challenges in both assessing animal movements at the scale of forage distribution, and in assessing ... -
Phenotype-environment association of the oxygen transport system in trimorphic European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) populations
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014-05-23) -
Photoperiod and dietary treatment in freshwater modulate the short-term intestinal response to seawater in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-02-02)Stimulation and timing of smoltification are essential for successful Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture. This study investigated intestinal responses during dietary and photoperiod manipulation in freshwater (FW) and after a subsequent seven days residence in seawater (SW). “Small” and “large” Atlantic salmon parr (~40 g and ~ 130 g respectively) were treated in FW for 12 weeks and ...