A study of changes in glucose metabolism and inflammatory markers in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery
Permanent link
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/7870Date
2015-06-08Type
Doctoral thesisDoktorgradsavhandling
Author
Nestvold, Torunn KristinAbstract
Summary
Obesity is considered a worldwide pandemic. Morbidly obese patients are at risk of developing comorbidity such as diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms behind the development of such complications in morbidly obese patients are still not fully understood, but low-grade inflammation and visceral adiposity are both involved. Effective treatment that leads to a significant weight loss can improve and/or repeal these comorbidities.
In this prospective study we have investigated what impact lifestyle intervention followed by bariatric surgery has on markers of glucose metabolism, inflammation and coagulation. 134 morbidly obese patients (who underwent lifestyle intervention followed by bariatric surgery) and 36 lean subjects (admitted for elective laparoscopic procedures) were included in 4 different studies. The morbidly obese patients were followed one year after surgery. The 36 lean subjects served as a control group.
We have shown that markers of low-grade inflammation such as the concentration of hs-CRP, C3 and C4 in serum were significantly higher in the morbidly obese group compared to the CG at admission. One year after bariatric surgery there was a significant reduction in C3 and C4 in the morbidly obese group and there was no longer a significant difference compared to the control group. The same was seen for several other important inflammatory markers. We found that there was a positive correlation between serum lipopolysaccharide and HbA1c. Through measuring bacterial DNA load and the volume of different adipose tissue compartments, we found that there was an increasing content of bacterial DNA with increasing proximity to the gut. We also found that monocyte activation measured by sCD14 is closely associated with obesity-related vascular dysfunction.
Finally, in a group of non-diabetic morbidly obese patients we found that 11 out of 40 patients had insulin resistance at admission and that one year after surgery this was no longer present.
These findings indicate a central role of low-grade inflammation in development of comorbidity in morbidly obese patients, and underscore the position of the gut microbiota in this process. Sammendrag
Overvekt har blitt en global pandemi. Sykelig overvektige pasienter er i risikogruppen for utvikling av tilleggssykdommer som diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertensjon og kardiovaskulær sykdom. Effektiv behandling som fører til et signifikant vekttap kan forbedre og/eller oppheve disse tilstandene. Mekanismene bak utviklingen av tilleggssykdommer er fremdeles ikke helt kartlagt. Lavgradig inflammasjon og viseralt fettvev er assosiert med utviklingen av disse tilleggssykdommene.
I denne prospektive studien har vi undersøkt hvordan livsstilsendringer etterfulgt av overvektskirurgi påvirker markører for glukose metabolismen, inflammasjon og koagulasjon. 134 sykelig overvektige pasienter som gjennomgikk livsstilsendringer etterfulgt av overvektskirurgi og 36 normalvektige pasienter som var innlagt for elektiv laparoskopisk kirurgi ble inkludert i fire forskjellige studier. De sykelig overvektige pasientene ble fulgt i ett år etter kirurgi. De 36 normalvektige pasientene inngikk i en kontrollgruppe.
Vi har vist at markører for lavgradig inflammasjon som for eksempel hs-CRP, C3 og C4 i serum var signifikant høyere i den sykelig overvektige gruppen ved inkludering enn den normalvektige. Ett år etter kirurgi var det en signifikant reduksjon i disse parametrene og forskjellen fra de normalvektige var ikke lengre signifikant. Det samme mønster så vi for flere andre viktige inflammatoriske markører.
Vi fant at det var en nær sammenheng mellom serum lipopolysakkarid og HbA1c. Ved å sammenligne volum av og bakteriell DNA-mengde i forskjellige fettvevskompartment med de normalvektige, fant vi et økende innhold av bakterielt DNA hos de sykelig overvektige jo nærmere man kom tarm. Vi fant også at monocytt- aktivering målt med sCD14 var nært assosiert med overvektsrelatert vaskulær dysfunksjon. Til slutt, i en gruppe ikke-diabetiske sykelig overvektige pasienter, fant vi at 11 av 40 pasienter hadde insulinresistens ved inklusjon og at denne ikke lengre var tilstede ett år etter kirurgi.
Våre funn peker på at lavgradig inflammasjon og tarmens mikrobiota kan være sentrale i utviklingen av tilleggssykdommer hos sykelig overvektige pasienter.
Description
Paper I, II, III and IV of this thesis are not available in Munin:
I: Nestvold TK, Nielsen EW, Lappegard KT: 'Bariatric surgery reduces risk factors for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in morbidly obese, nondiabetic patients', available in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. 2013;11:441-446
II: Nestvold TK, Nielsen EW, Ludviksen JK, Fure H, Landsem A, Lappegard KT: 'Lifestyle changes followed by bariatric surgery lower inflammatory markers and the cardiovascular risk factors C3 and C4', available in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. 2015 Feb;13(1):29-35
III: Troseid M, Nestvold TK, Rudi K, Thoresen H, Nielsen EW, Lappegard KT: 'Plasma lipopolysaccharide is closely associated with glycemic control and abdominal obesity: evidence from bariatric surgery', available in Diabetes Care. 2013;36:3627-3632
IV: Troseid M, Nestvold TK, Thoresen H, Nielsen EW, Seljeflot I, Lappegard KT: 'Soluble CD14 is closely associated with markers of vascular dysfunction in bariatric surgery patients', available in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. 2015 Apr;13(3):119-24
I: Nestvold TK, Nielsen EW, Lappegard KT: 'Bariatric surgery reduces risk factors for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in morbidly obese, nondiabetic patients', available in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. 2013;11:441-446
II: Nestvold TK, Nielsen EW, Ludviksen JK, Fure H, Landsem A, Lappegard KT: 'Lifestyle changes followed by bariatric surgery lower inflammatory markers and the cardiovascular risk factors C3 and C4', available in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. 2015 Feb;13(1):29-35
III: Troseid M, Nestvold TK, Rudi K, Thoresen H, Nielsen EW, Lappegard KT: 'Plasma lipopolysaccharide is closely associated with glycemic control and abdominal obesity: evidence from bariatric surgery', available in Diabetes Care. 2013;36:3627-3632
IV: Troseid M, Nestvold TK, Thoresen H, Nielsen EW, Seljeflot I, Lappegard KT: 'Soluble CD14 is closely associated with markers of vascular dysfunction in bariatric surgery patients', available in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. 2015 Apr;13(3):119-24
Publisher
UiT The Arctic University of NorwayUiT Norges arktiske universitet
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