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dc.contributor.authorSalgado, Alejandro Flores
dc.contributor.authorHagen, Live Heldal
dc.contributor.authorIshaq, Suzanne L.
dc.contributor.authorZamanzadeh, Mirzaman
dc.contributor.authorWright, Andre-Denis G.
dc.contributor.authorPope, Phillip
dc.contributor.authorSundset, Monica Alterskjær
dc.date.accessioned2016-09-05T09:09:35Z
dc.date.available2016-09-05T09:09:35Z
dc.date.issued2016-05-09
dc.description.abstractReindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) are large Holarctic herbivores whose heterogeneous diet has led to the development of a unique gastrointestinal microbiota, essential for the digestion of arctic flora, which may include a large proportion of lichens during winter. Lichens are rich in plant secondary metabolites, which may affect members of the gut microbial consortium, such as the methane-producing methanogenic archaea. Little is known about the effect of lichen consumption on the rumen and cecum microbiotas and how this may affect methanogenesis in reindeer. Here, we examined the effects of dietary lichens on the reindeer gut microbiota, especially methanogens. Samples from the rumen and cecum were collected from two groups of reindeer, fed either lichens (Ld: n = 4), or a standard pelleted feed (Pd: n = 3). Microbial densities (methanogens, bacteria and protozoa) were quantified using quantitative real-time PCR and methanogen and bacterial diversities were determined by 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA genes.<br> In general, the density of methanogens were not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the intake of lichens. Methanobrevibacter constituted the main archaeal genus (>95% of reads), with Mbr. thaueri CW as the dominant species in both groups of reindeer. Bacteria belonging to the uncharacterized Ruminococcaceae and the genus Prevotella were the dominant phylotypes in the rumen and cecum, in both diets (ranging between 16–38% total sequences). Bacteria belonging to the genus Ruminococcus (3.5% to 0.6%; p = 0.001) and uncharacterized phylotypes within the order Bacteroidales (8.4% to 1.3%; p = 0.027), were significantly decreased in the rumen of lichen-fed reindeer, but not in the cecum (p = 0.2 and p = 0.087, respectively). UniFrac-based analyses showed archaeal and bacterial libraries were significantly different between diets, in both the cecum and the rumen (vegan::Adonis: pseudo-F<0.05). Based upon previous literature, we suggest that the altered methanogen and bacterial profiles may account for expected lower methane emissions from lichen-fed reindeer.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study is linked to the framework of the International Polar Year (IPY) as part of the consortium IPY#399 EALAT: Climate change and reindeer husbandry. Funding was provided by the Reindeer Husbandry Research Fund and the University of Tromsø –The Arctic University of Norway. PBP is supported by a European Research Commission Starting Grant Fellowship (336355 –MicroDE).en_US
dc.descriptionPublisher's version, source: <a href=http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155213 >http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155213 </a>.en_US
dc.identifier.citationPLoS ONE 11(5): e0155213en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1355090
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0155213
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/9649
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:no-uit_munin_9189
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_US
dc.relation.projectIDUniversitetet i Tromsø: A36010
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccess
dc.subjectMetagenomikk / Metagenomicsen_US
dc.subjectMiljø mikrobiologi / Environmental microbiologyen_US
dc.subjectVDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470::Genetikk og genomikk: 474en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Basic biosciences: 470::Genetics and genomics: 474en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470::Generell mikrobiologi: 472en_US
dc.titleRumen and Cecum Microbiomes in Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) Are Changed in Response to a Lichen Diet and May Affect Enteric Methane Emissionsen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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