I et samfunn under stadig utvikling trenger vi en rettstilstand som klarer å henge med i denne. Arbeidsretten er blant rettsområdene som er under stadig utvikling, hvor både lover og retningslinjer har sin naturlige plass i arbeidslivet. Behovet for utvikling av de nasjonale reglene er et resultat av internasjonale forpliktelser, bl.a. implementeringen av EU-direktiver. Regjeringen Støre som tiltrådte ...

Temaet for avhandlingen er fjernleverbare tjenester etter merverdiavgiftsloven. Hovedproblemstillingen er om reglene i norsk rett er tilstrekkelig tilpasset EUs merverdiavgiftsdirektiv og OECDs retningslinjer for merverdiavgift. Sentrale spørsmål er hvordan norsk rett har valgt å innrette sin merverdiavgift og hvilke forskjeller det eventuelt er med EU og OECD.

Avhandlingen tar noe kortfattet for seg hvilke rettigheter og plikter en lærling har etter opplæringslova. Oppgaven gjør også noen betraktninger om det nye lovverket som er vedtatt, men ikke i kraft.

This work explores the philosophical and legal justifications for punishment, with a special focus on the Italian criminal system and the contradiction between its constitutional emphasis on rehabilitation and the harsh realities of its prisons. It first compares retributivist and consequentialist theories, and argues that rehabilitation offers a stronger ethical foundation for punishment than ...

Background - Alcohol-related mortality in Russia exceeds the world average and presents a critical public health concern. This study assesses the impact of alcohol consumption levels on mortality and investigates mortality predictors among Russians, including people treated for alcohol-related diagnoses (narcology patients).<p> <p>Methods - We examined 2629 men and women aged 35–69 years who ...

The melting temperature is a crucial property of materials that determines their potential applications in different industrial fields. In this study, we used a deep neural network potential to describe the structure of high-entropy (TiZrTaHfNb)CxN1−x carbonitrides (HECN) in both solid and liquid states. This approach allows us to predict heating and cooling temperatures depending on the nitrogen ...

Social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook have gradually become vital for communication and information exchange. However, this often leads to the spread of unreliable or false information, such as harmful rumors. Currently, graph convolutional networks (GCNs), particularly TextGCN, have shown promise in text classification tasks, including rumor detection. Their success is due to their ability ...

Background/Objective - The act of surgery involves harming vulnerable patients with the intent that the results will improve their health and, ultimately, help the patients. Such activities will inevitably entail moral decisions, yet the ethics of surgery has only recently developed as a field of medical ethics. Within this field, it is striking how few accounts there are of actions within the ...

Background - We have recently constructed a DNA methylation classifier that can discriminate between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PAAD) liver metastasis and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) with high accuracy (PAAD-iCCA-Classifier). PAAD is one of the leading causes of cancer of unknown primary and diagnosis is based on exclusion of other malignancies. Therefore, our focus was to investigate ...

Introduction: Reading is a fundamental cognitive activity that is influenced by both textual and external environmental factors, although the latter has been less thoroughly explored. This study aims to examine the impact of environmental visual conditions on reading performance using Virtual Reality (VR) technology.<p> <p>Methods: We conducted two experiments to assess the effects of visual ...