Blar i tittel Artikler, rapporter og annet (samfunnsmedisin)

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    • Blood polyphenol concentrations and differentiated thyroid carcinoma in women from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study 

      Zamora-Ros, Raul; Lujan-Barroso, Leila; Achaintre, David; Franceschi, Silvia; Kyrø, Cecilie; Overvad, Kim; Tjønneland, Anne; Truong, Therese; Lecuyer, Lucie; Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine; Katzke, Verena; Johnson, Theron S.; Schulze, Matthias B; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Peppa, Eleni; La Vechia, Carlo; Masala, Giovanna; Pala, Valeria; Panico, Salvatore; Tumino, Rosario; Ricceri, Fulvio; Skeie, Guri; Ramón Quirós, J; Rodriguez-Barranco, Miguel; Amiano, Pilar; Chirlaque, María Dolores; Ardanaz, Eva; Almquist, Martin; Hennings, Joakim; Vermeulen, Roel; Wareham, Nicholas J; Tong, Tammy Y.N.; Aune, Dagfinn; Byrnes, Graham; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Scalbert, Augustin; Rinaldi, Sabina; Agudo, Antonio (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-10-06)
      <p>Background - Polyphenols are natural compounds with anticarcinogenic properties in cellular and animal models, but epidemiological evidence determining the associations of these compounds with thyroid cancer (TC) is lacking. <p>Objectives - The aim of this study was to evaluate the relations between blood concentrations of 36 polyphenols and TC risk in EPIC (the European Prospective Investigation ...

    • Blood pressure target achievement and antihypertensive medication use in women and men after first-ever myocardial infarction: the Tromsø Study 1994-2016 

      Hopstock, Laila Arnesdatter; Eggen, Anne Elise; Løchen, Maja-Lisa; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.; Nilsen, Amalie; Njølstad, Inger; Wilsgaard, Tom (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-01-03)
      Background: <br> Recurrent cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction (MI) are frequent, and gender differences in blood pressure treatment have been reported. Despite increased focus on secondary prevention, recent reports indicate that treatment targets are not achieved. There is a need for gender-specific analyses of post-MI blood pressure treatment target achievement and ...

    • Blood Volume, Hemoglobin Mass, and Peak Oxygen Uptake in Older Adults: The Generation 100 Study 

      Lundgren, Kari Margrethe; Aspvik, Nils Petter; Langlo, Knut Asbjørn Rise; Braaten, Tonje Bjørndal; Wisløff, Ulrik; Stensvold, Dorthe; Karlsen, Trine (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-01)
      <p>Purpose: To investigate the association between blood volume, hemoglobin mass (Hb<sub>mass</sub>), and peak oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2peak</sub>) in healthy older adults. <p>Methods: Fifty fit or unfit participants from the prospective randomized Generation 100 Study (<i>n</i> = 1,566) were included (age- and sex-specific VO<sub>2peak</sub> above or below average values). Blood, plasma, and erythrocyte ...

    • Body mass index and survival in women with breast cancer—systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 82 follow-up studies 

      Chan, Doris S.M.; Vieira, A.; Aune, Dagfinn; Bandera, Elisa V.; Greenwood, D; McTiernan, A; Rosenblatt, D. Navarro; Thune, Inger; Vieira, R; Norat, T (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014-04-27)
      Background: Positive association between obesity and survival after breast cancer was demonstrated in previous meta-analyses of published data, but only the results for the comparison of obese versus non-obese was summarised.<p> <p>Methods: We systematically searched in MEDLINE and EMBASE for follow-up studies of breast cancer survivors with body mass index (BMI) before and after diagnosis, and ...

    • Body shape phenotypes of multiple anthropometric traits and cancer risk: a multi-national cohort study 

      Sedlmeier, Anja M.; Viallon, Vivian; Ferrari, Pietro; Peruchet-Noray, Laia; Fontvieille, Emma; Amadou, Amina; Seyed Khoei, Nazlisadat; Weber, Andrea; Baurecht, Hansjörg; Heath, Alicia K.; Tsilidis, Kostas; Kaaks, Rudolf; Katzke, Verena; Inan-Eroglu, Elif; Schulze, Matthias B.; Overvad, Kim; Bonet, Catalina; Ubago-Guisado, Esther; Chirlaque, María-Dolores; Ardanaz, Eva; Perez-Cornago, Aurora; Pala, Valeria; Tumino, Rosario; Sacerdote, Carlotta; Pasanisi, Fabrizio; Borch, Kristin Benjaminsen; Rylander, Charlotta; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Gunter, Marc J.; Fervers, Béatrice; Leitzmann, Michael F.; Freisling, Heinz (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-12-02)
      Background - Classical anthropometric traits may fail to fully represent the relationship of weight, adiposity, and height with cancer risk. We investigated the associations of body shape phenotypes with the risk of overall and site-specific cancers.<p> <p>Methods - We derived four distinct body shape phenotypes from principal component (PC) analysis on height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist ...

    • Body Size at Different Ages and Risk of 6 Cancers: A Mendelian Randomization and Prospective Cohort Study 

      Mariosa, Daniela; Smith-Byrne, Karl; Richardson, Tom G.; Ferrari, Pietro; Gunter, Marc J.; Papadimitriou, Nikos; Murphy, Neil; Christakoudi, Sofia; Tsilidis, Konstantinos K.; Riboli, Elio; Muller, David; Purdue, Mark P.; Chanock, Stephen J.; Hung, Rayjean J.; Amos, Christopher I.; O'Mara, Tracy A.; Amiano, Pilar; Pasanisi, Fabrizio; Rodriguez-Barranco, Miguel; Krogh, Vittorio; Tjønneland, Anne; Halkjær, Jytte; Perez-Cornago, Aurora; Chirlaque, María-Dolores; Skeie, Guri; Rylander, Charlotta; Borch, Kristin Benjaminsen; Aune, Dagfinn; Heath, Alicia K.; Ward, Heather A.; Schulze, Matthias; Bonet, Catalina; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Davey Smith, George; Brennan, Paul; Johansson, Mattias (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-19)
      It is unclear if body weight in early life affects cancer risk independently of adult body weight. To investigate this question for 6 obesity-related cancers, we performed univariable and multivariable analyses using 1) Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and 2) longitudinal analyses in prospective cohorts. Both the MR and longitudinal analyses indicated that larger early life body size was ...

    • Body size indicators and risk of gallbladder cancer: Pooled analysis of individual-level data from 19 prospective cohort studies 

      Campbell, Peter T.; Newton, Christina C.; Kitahara, Cari M.; Patel, Alpa V.; Hartge, Patricia; Koshiol, Jill; McGlynn, Katherine A.; Adami, Hans Olov; de González, Amy Berrington; Freeman, Laura E. Beane; Bernstein, Leslie; Buring, Julie E.; Freedman, Neal D.; Gao, Yu-Tang; Giles, Graham G.; Gunter, Mark J.; Jenab, Mazda; Liao, Linda M.; Milne, Roger L.; Robien, Kim; Sandler, Dale P.; Schairer, Catherine; Sesso, Howard D.; Shu, Xiao-Ou; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Wolk, Alicja; Xiang, Yong-Bing; Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne; Zheng, Wei; Gapstur, Susan M. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-03-17)
      Background: There are few established risk factors for gallbladder cancer beyond gallstones. Recent studies suggest a higher risk with high body mass index (BMI), an indicator of general heaviness, but evidence from other body size measures is lacking. <br> Methods: Associations of adult BMI, young adult BMI, height, adult weight gain, waist circumference (WC), waist–height ratio (WHtR), hip ...

    • Bone mineral density at the hip and its relation to fat mass and lean mass in adolescents: the Tromsø Study, Fit Futures 

      Winther, Anne; Jørgensen, Lone; Ahmed, Luai A.; Christoffersen, Tore; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Grimnes, Guri; Jorde, Rolf; Nilsen, Ole-Andreas; Dennison, Elaine M.; Emaus, Nina (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-01-19)
      <p><i>Background</i>: Positive association between body weight and bone mass is well established, and the concept of body mass index (BMI) is associated with higher areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and reduced fracture risk. BMI, that comprises both fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) may contribute to peak bone mass achievement in different ways. This study explored the influence of body composition ...

    • Borte bra, men hjemme best 

      Skjelbakken, Tove (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-10-24)
      Jeg var tre år og alene første gang jeg var i Oslo og på Rikshospitalet. Sykehuset syntes den gang at «barna var mye enklere å ha med å gjøre uten foreldrene». Kontrasten var stor da jeg 54 år senere kom tilbake til sykehuset, som nærmeste pårørende til en voksen sønn som skulle gjennomgå allogen stamcelletransplantasjon.

    • Breast cancer risk after recent childbirth: A pooled analysis of 15 prospective studies 

      Nichols, Hazel B.; Schoemaker, Minouk J.; Cai, Jianwen; Xu, Jiawei; Wright, Lauren B.; Brook, Mark N.; Jones, Michael E.; Adami, Hans Olov; Baglietto, Laura; Bertrand, Kimberly A.; Blot, William J.; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine; Dorronsoro, Miren; Dossus, Laure; Eliassen, A. Heather; Giles, Graham G.; Gram, Inger Torhild; Hankinson, Susan E.; Hoffman-Bolton, Judy; Kaaks, Rudolf; Key, Timothy J.; Kitahara, Cari M.; Larsson, Susanna C.; Linet, Martha; Merritt, Melissa A.; Milne, Roger L.; Pala, Valeria; Palmer, Julie R.; Peeters, Petra H.; Riboli, Elio; Sund, Malin; Tamimi, Rulla M.; Tjønneland, Anne; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Ursin, Giske; Vatten, Lars Johan; Visvanathan, Kala; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Wolk, Alicja; Zheng, Wei; Weinberg, Clarice R.; Swerdlow, Anthony J.; Sandler, Dale P. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-01-01)
      <i>Background</i>: Parity is widely recognized as protective for breast cancer, but breast cancer risk may be increased shortly after childbirth. Whether this risk varies with breastfeeding, family history of breast cancer, or specific tumor subtype has rarely been evaluated.<p> <p><i>Objective</i>: To characterize breast cancer risk in relation to recent childbirth.<p> <p>Design</i> : Pooled ...

    • Bruk av linkarbeidere i barnevernet: en systematisk kartleggingsoversikt 

      Jardim, Patricia Sofia Jacobsen; Johansen, Trine Bjerke; Ames, Heather Melanie R; Berg, Rigmor (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2020-11-18)
      Hensikten med denne systematiske kartleggingsoversikten er å klassifisere og beskrive forskning om linkarbeid i barnevernet og tilgrensende tjenester i saker som omhandler barn og familier med minoritetsbakgrunn. Linkarbeidere er personer som formidler mellom to parter og bistår med kultursensitivitet for å sikre god kommunikasjon og samarbeid mellom partene.

    • Bruk av videosamtale i behandling av tuberkulose-sykdom i Nord-Norge 

      Bendiksen, Renate; Ovesen, Tone; Asfeldt, Anne Mette; Halvorsen, Dag Seeger; Gravningen, Kirsten Midttun (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-01-13)
      <i>BAKGRUNN</i> - Totalt ble det meldt 261 pasienter med tuberkulose i Norge i 2017, hvorav 90 % fullførte behandlingen. Tuberkulosemedikamenter gis som daglig direkte observert behandling (DOT) til alle pasienter. Vi undersøkte om dette kan gjøres ved videosamtale.<p> <p><i>MATERIALE OG METODE</i> - Vi gjennomførte en klinisk observasjonsstudie ved Universitetssykehuset Nord-Norge 2016–19, der ...

    • The burden of colon cancer attributable to modifiable factors—The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study 

      Lukic, Marko; Licaj, Idlir; Laaksonen, Maarit A.; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Borch, Kristin Benjaminsen; Rylander, Charlotta (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-08-22)
      Colon cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in women in Norway, where incidence rates of colon cancer increased 3-fold between 1955 and 2014, for unknown reasons. We aimed to assess the burden of colon cancer attributable to modifiable risk factors in Norwegian women using the data from the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study. Self-reported information from 35 525 women from the ...

    • Burden of hip fracture using disability-adjusted life-years: a pooled analysis of prospective cohorts in the CHANCES consortium 

      Papadimitriou, Nikos; Tsilidis, Konstantinos K.; Orfanos, Philippos; Benetou, Vassiliki; Ntzani, Evangelia E.; Soerjomataram, Isabelle; Künn-Nelen, Annemarie; Pettersson-Kymmer, Ulrika; Eriksson, Sture; Brenner, Hermann; Schöttker, Ben; Saum, Kai-Uwe; Holleczek, Bernd; Grodstein, Francine D.; Feskanich, Diane; Orsini, Nicola; Wolk, Alicja; Bellavia, Andrea; Wilsgaard, Tom; Jørgensen, Lone; Boffetta, Paolo; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Trichopoulou, Antonia (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-04-11)
      <p><i>Background</i>: No studies have estimated disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost due to hip fractures using real-life follow-up cohort data. We aimed to quantify the burden of disease due to incident hip fracture using DALYs in prospective cohorts in the CHANCES consortium, and to calculate population attributable fractions based on DALYs for specific risk factors.</p> <p><i>Methods</i>: ...

    • The Burden of Primary Liver Cancer and Underlying Etiologies From 1990 to 2015 at the Global, Regional, and National Level: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 

      Akinyemiju, Tomi; Abera, Semaw; Ahmed, Muktar; Vollset, Stein Emil; Weiderpass, Elisabete (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-10-05)
      Liver cancer is among the leading causes of cancer deaths in many countries. Causes of liver cancer differ widely among populations. Our results show that most cases of liver cancer can be prevented through vaccination, antiviral treatment, safe blood transfusion and injection practices, as well as interventions to reduce excessive alcohol use. In line with the Sustainable Development Goals, the ...

    • C-reactive protein and its associations with сardiometabolic risk factors and echocardiographic indicators of heart failure: results of “Know your heart” study in Arkhangelsk 

      Mirolyubova, Olga A.; Kudryavtsev, Alexander V.; Semchyugova, Elvira; Malyutina, Sofia; Ryabikov, Andrey (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-09)
      <p><i>Цель - </i>Оценка связи высокочувствительного С-реактивного белка (вчСРБ) с кардиометаболическими и эхокардиографическими (ЭхоКГ) индикаторами сердечной недостаточности (СН) среди взрослого населения Северного региона России. <p><i>Материал и методы - </i>Поперечное исследование «Узнай свое сердце» проведено в 2015–2017 гг. на случайной выборке общего населения г. Архангельска в возрасте 35–69 ...

    • C-reactive protein point-of-care testing and antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections in rural primary health centres of North Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study 

      Yebyo, Henock; Medhanyie, Araya Abrha; Spigt, Marcus; Hopstaken, Rogier (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-01-14)
      Unjustified antibiotic prescribing for acute upper respiratory infections (URTIs) is probably more common in poor-resource settings where physicians are scarce. Introducing C-reactive protein (CRP) point-of-care testing in such settings could reduce the misuse of antibiotics, which could avert antibiotic resistance. However, information useful for the applicability of CRP test in resource-limited ...

    • C-reactive protein point-of-care testing and complementary strategies to improve antibiotic stewardship in children with acute respiratory infections in primary care 

      Staiano, Annamaria; Bjerrum, Lars; Llor, Carl; Melbye, Hasse; Hopstaken, Rogier; Gentile, Ivan; Plate, Andreas; van Hecke, Oliver; Verbakel, Jan Y. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-12)
      This paper provides the perspective of an international group of experts on the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) point-of-care testing (POCT) and complementary strategies such as enhanced communication skills training and delayed prescribing to improve antibiotic stewardship in the primary care of children presenting with an acute illness episode due to an acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI). ...

    • C-reactive protein point-of-care testing for safely reducing antibiotics for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The PACE RCT 

      Francis, Nick; Gillespie, David; White, Patrick; Bates, Janine; Lowe, Rachel; Sewell, Bernadette; Phillips, Rhiannon; Stanton, Helen; Kirby, Nigel; Wootton, Mandy; Thomas-Jones, Emma; Hood, Kerenza; Llor, Carl; Cals, Jochen; Melbye, Hasse; Naik, Gurudutt; Gal, Micaela; Fitzsimmons, DF; Alam, Mohammed Fasihul; Riga, Evgenia; Cochrane, Ann; Butler, Christopher C. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-03)
      Background - Most patients presenting with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in primary care are prescribed antibiotics, but these may not be beneficial, and they can cause side effects and increase the risk of subsequent resistant infections. Point-of-care tests (POCTs) could safely reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and antimicrobial resistance.<p> ...

    • C-reactive protein testing to guide antibiotic prescribing for COPD exacerbations 

      Butler, Christopher C; Gillespie, David; White, Patrick; Bates, Janine; lowe, rachel; Thomas-Jones, Emma; Wootton, Mandy; Hood, Kerenza; Phillips, Rhiannon; Melbye, Hasse; Llor, Carl; Cals, Jochen W L; Naik, Gurudutt; Kirby, Nigel; Gal, Micaela; Riga, Evgenia; Francis, Nick A (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07-11)
      <i>BACKGROUND</i> - Point-of-care testing of C-reactive protein (CRP) may be a way to reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics without harming patients who have acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).<p><p> <i>METHODS</i> - We performed a multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled trial involving patients with a diagnosis of COPD in their primary care clinical ...