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dc.contributor.authorGinindza, Themba G.
dc.contributor.authorDlamini, Xolisile
dc.contributor.authorAlmonte, Maribel
dc.contributor.authorHerrero, Rolando
dc.contributor.authorJolly, Pauline E.
dc.contributor.authorTsoka-Gwegweni, Joyce M
dc.contributor.authorWeiderpass, Elisabete
dc.contributor.authorBroutet, Nathalie
dc.contributor.authorSartorius, Benn
dc.date.accessioned2018-02-09T11:59:37Z
dc.date.available2018-02-09T11:59:37Z
dc.date.issued2017-01-23
dc.description.abstractBackground:<br>High risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection and the dual burden of HIV remains a huge challenge in some low-income countries (LICs) such as Swaziland with limited or no data. We estimated the prevalence and investigated determinants of hr-HPV, including HIV infection among sexually active women in Swaziland.<br> Methods:<br> A total of 655 women aged between 15 and 49 years from five health facilities were randomly enrolled using a cross-sectional study design. Cervical cells were tested for hr-HPV types using GeneXpert HPV Assays.<br> Results:<br> The overall weighted hr-HPV prevalence was 46.2% (95%CI: 42.8–49.5). Of hr-HPV infected women, 12.4% (95%CI: 8.6–17.5) were HPV16-positive, 13.8% (95%CI:12.0–15.8) were positive for HPV18/45, 26.7% (95%CI: 24.2–29.3) for HPV31/33/35/52/58, 7.6% (95%CI: 7.6–11.9) for HPV51/59 and 11.0%, (95%CI: 7.9–15.3) for HPV39/56/66/68. Prevalence of hr-HPV decreased with increasing age. Overall HIV prevalence remained high (42.7%; 95%CI: 35.7–46.2). HIV infection was associated with hr-HPV infection (Adjusted OR = 4.9, 95%CI: 3.043–7.8, p<0.001). Overall hr-HPV/HIV co-infection was 24.4% (95%CI: 20.3–29.1) which was significantly higher among younger age groups (p<0.001). Prevalence of multiple group hr-HPV infection was significantly higher in HIV-positive versus -negative women (27.7% and 12.7% respectively, p<0.001). The presence, absence or unknown of history of STI with HIV did not appear to modify the relationship with hr-HPV (OR = 4.2, 95%CI: 2.6–7.1, OR = 4.6, 95%CI: 2.8–7.7, p<0.001, p<0.001 and OR = 4.1, 95%CI: 1.3–13.4, p<0.021 respectively).<br> Conclusion:<br> The prevalence of hr-HPV infection was high and significantly associated with HIV among sexually active women. Furthermore, the study has provided essential information about the HIV link with hr-HPV infections which may explain the high prevalence among HIV infected women. This can contribute to policy development and planning of prevention strategies incorporating HPV infection prevention especially among youth and HIV infected people.en_US
dc.identifier.citationGinindza, Th.G., Dlamini, X., Almonte, M., Herrero, R., Jolly, P.E., Tsoka-Gwegweni, J.M., ... Sartorius, B. Prevalence of and associated risk factors for high risk human papillomavirus among sexually active women, Swaziland. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0170189(1):1-18en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1463771
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0170189
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/12113
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_US
dc.relation.journalPLoS ONE
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, Social medicine: 801en_US
dc.titlePrevalence of and associated risk factors for high risk human papillomavirus among sexually active women, Swazilanden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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