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Associations between use of antibiotic and non-antibiotic drugs on the gastrointestinal carriage of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a general adult population in Norway
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-11-14)Antimicrobial resistance has long been a problem and a struggle to compromise as life-threatening infections are harder to treat. Among common pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae) can be a highly resistant bacteria associated with increased mortality when infecting critically ill and immunocompromised patients. Prevalence of gastrointestinal carriage depends on several risk factors. ... -
How Do Pharmacists Distribute Their Work Time during a Clinical Intervention Trial?—A Time and Motion Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-07-09)Emergency departments (EDs) handle urgent medical needs for a diverse population. Medication errors and adverse drug events pose safety risks in the ED. Clinical pharmacists, experts in medication use, play a crucial role in identifying and optimizing medication therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate how clinical pharmacists introduced into the ED interdisciplinary teams distribute ... -
Medication Self-Management for Home Care Users Receiving Multidose Drug Dispensing: Qualitative Interview Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-02-22)Background: Multidose drug dispensing (MDD) is an adherence aid where medicines are machine-dispensed in disposable unit bags, usually for a 14-day period. MDD replaces manually filled dosettes in many home care services in Norway. While evidence suggests that MDD can improve medication adherence and reduce errors, there are few studies on how patients manage MDD at home and how this affects their ... -
Diversity, functional classification and genotyping of SHV β-lactamases in Klebsiella pneumoniae
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-21)Interpreting the phenotypes of bla<sub>SHV</sub> alleles in Klebsiella pneumoniae genomes is complex. Whilst all strains are expected to carry a chromosomal copy conferring resistance to ampicillin, they may also carry mutations in chromosomal bla<sub>SHV</sub> alleles or additional plasmid-borne bla<sub>SHV</sub> alleles that have extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) activity and/ or β-lactamase ... -
Short-term learning effect of ChatGPT on pharmacy students' learning
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-07-23)Introduction - Students in pharmacy are positive towards integrating artificial intelligence and ChatGPT into their practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the direct short-term learning effect of using Chat GPT by pharmacy students.<p> <p>Methods - This was an experimental randomized study. Students were allocated into two groups; the intervention group (n = 15) used all study tools ... -
Long-Term Safety of Roflumilast in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, a Multinational Observational Database Cohort Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-08-21)Purpose: This study evaluated the long-term safety of roflumilast in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or chronic bronchitis using electronic healthcare databases from Germany, Norway, Sweden, and the United States (US). <p> <p>Patients and Methods: The study population consisted of patients aged ≥ 40 years who had been exposed to roflumilast and a matched cohort unexposed to ... -
Exploring virtual delivery of academic detailing to general practitioners compared with in-person delivery: a qualitative study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-10-18)Background Inappropriate prescribing may have detrimental consequences for the patient and increase healthcare utilisation and costs. Academic detailing (AD) is an interactive outreach method to deliver non-commercial evidence-based medical information to healthcare professionals, aiming to improve patient care. Performing AD virtually has recently become more relevant, especially with the ... -
The impact of discharge letter content on unplanned hospital readmissions within 30 and 90 days in older adults with chronic illness – a mixed methods study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-07-10)Background Care transitions are high-risk processes, especially for people with complex or chronic illness. Discharge letters are an opportunity to provide written information to improve patients’ self-management after discharge. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of discharge letter content on unplanned hospital readmissions and selfrated quality of care transitions among patients ... -
A comparative genomic and phenotypic study of Vibrio cholerae model strains using hybrid sequencing
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-08-23)Next-generation sequencing methods have become essential for studying bacterial biology and pathogenesis, often depending on high-quality, closed genomes. In this study, we utilized a hybrid sequencing approach to assemble the genome of C6706, a widely used Vibrio cholerae model strain. We present a manually curated annotation of the genome, enhancing user accessibility by linking each coding sequence ... -
Validation of two LC–HRMS methods for large-scale untargeted metabolomics of serum samples: Strategy to establish method fitness-for-purpose
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-08-06)Untargeted metabolomics by LCsingle bondHRMS is a powerful tool to enhance our knowledge of pathophysiological processes. Whereas validation of a bioanalytical method is customary in most analytical chemistry fields, it is rarely performed for untargeted metabolomics. This study aimed to establish and validate an analytical platform for a long-term, clinical metabolomics study. Sample preparation ... -
Antimicrobial liposomes-in-nanofiber wound dressings prepared by a green and sustainable wire-electrospinning set-up
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-04-19)Increasing prevalence of infected and chronic wounds demands improved therapy options. In this work an electrospun nanofiber dressing with liposomes is suggested, focusing on the dressing’s ability to support tissue regeneration and infection control. Chloramphenicol (CAM) was the chosen antibiotic, added to the nanofibers after first embedded in liposomes to maintain a sustained drug release. ... -
Epistasis arises from shifting the rate-limiting step during enzyme evolution of a β-lactamase
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-02-23)Epistasis, the non-additive efect of mutations, can provide combinatorial improvements to enzyme activity that substantially exceed the gains from individual mutations. Yet the molecular mechanisms of epistasis remain elusive, undermining our ability to predict pathogen evolution and engineer biocatalysts. Here we reveal how directed evolution of a β-lactamase yielded highly epistatic activity ... -
Barriers and facilitators of pharmacists’ integration in a multidisciplinary home care team: a qualitative interview study based on the normalization process theory
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2024-05-02)<p><i>Background</i> There is a growing recognition of multidisciplinary practices as the most rational approach to providing better and more efficient healthcare services. Pharmacists are increasingly integrated into primary care teams, but there is no universal approach to implementing pharmacist services across healthcare settings. In Norway, most pharmacists work in pharmacies, with very few ... -
Chitosan and liposomal delivery systems for epicatechin or propyl gallate targeting localized treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-07-18)Natural polyphenols are promising alternatives to antifungals for novel treatments of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in an era of antimicrobial resistance. However, polyphenols are poorly soluble and prone to degradation. To overcome their limitations, we propose incorporation in liposomes. The study aimed to develop chitosan and liposome comprising delivery systems for epicatechin (EC) or propyl ... -
Urinary excretion profile of higenamine in females after oral administration of supplements – Doping scenario
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-02-15)In 2017, higenamine was added to the World Antidoping Agency’s (WADA) Prohibited list under group S3: beta-2 agonists and it is banned for athletes both in – and out of competition. Aim of this study was to characterize the urinary excretion profile of higenamine and its metabolite coclaurine after oral administration of multiple doses of higenamine capsules. For this purpose, an administration ... -
The recombination initiation functions DprA and RecFOR suppress microindel mutations in Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-05-17)Short-Patch Double Illegitimate Recombination (SPDIR) has been recently identified as a rare mutation mechanism. During SPDIR, ectopic DNA single-strands anneal with genomic DNA at microhomologies and get integrated during DNA replication, presumably acting as primers for Okazaki fragments. The resulting microindel mutations are highly variable in size and sequence. In the soil bacterium Acinetobacter ... -
Health-related quality of life among older adults following acute hospitalization: longitudinal analysis of a randomized controlled trial
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-06-17)Purpose To describe the longitudinal change of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) over 12 months from acute hospitalization in older adults≥70 years (IMMENSE study), and associated factors, to investigate how a medication optimization intervention infuenced this change.<p> <p>Methods The EQ-5D-3L was used at discharge and 1, 6 and 12 months after discharge during a randomized controlled trial ... -
Methylation of phase II metabolites of endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids to improve analytical performance
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-04-21)The study of intact phase II metabolites of endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids (EAAS) gives important information about metabolism and has the potential to improve the detection of doping with testosterone. For analysis with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), chemical derivatization at the steroid moiety is a technique to improve the positive ionization efficiency of glucuronida ... -
Plasma tryptophan pathway metabolites quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as biomarkers in neuroendocrine tumor patients
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-02-15)A good and accessible biomarker is of great clinical value in neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients, especially considering its frequently indolent nature and long-term follow-up. Plasma chromogranin A (CgA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) are currently used as biomarkers in NET, but their sensitivity and specificity are restricted. 5-HIAA is the main metabolite of serotonin, an important ... -
“Using network analysis modularity to group health code systems and decrease dimensionality in machine learning models”
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-06-11)Background: Machine learning (ML) prediction models in healthcare and pharmacy-related research face challenges with encoding high-dimensional Healthcare Coding Systems (HCSs) such as ICD, ATC, and DRG codes, given the trade-off between reducing model dimensionality and minimizing information loss. Objectives: To investigate using Network Analysis modularity as a method to group HCSs to improve ...
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