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Design and optimization of liposomal formulation intended for phagocyte targeting in cancer treatment
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-05-15)For the first time, we have developed a liposomal formulation for Nω-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine (nor-NOHA). nor-NOHA is an arginase inhibitor that has potential in cancer treatment. The work aimed to develop a formulation that would have high encapsulation efficiency (EE%) for nor-NOHA in liposomes. Optimization of liposomes was conducted stepwise, namely liposomal characteristics were investigated ... -
Lipid Nanoparticle Enabled Co-Delivery of Tetrahedral DNA Framework and Antimicrobial Peptides
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-05-15)In the context of persistent wound infections, the delivery of antimicrobial agents is challenging. The bacterium in skin presents several strategies to avoid antimicrobial exposure by hiding inside cells and via the formation of biofilms. Additionally, several virulence strategies facilitate the progression of persistent bacterial infections. Although antibiotics are considered very advanced, they ... -
Effect of PEGylation in liposomal protein corona formation. Characterization of in vitro protein corona formation and the effect of protein corona on cellular uptake of pH-sensitive liposomes in glioblastoma cells
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-05-15)Glioblastoma is the most lethal brain cancer, characterized by rapid growth and high mortality. Despite advances in diagnosis, surgery, and radiation therapy, glioblastoma remains resistant to treatment. One of the keys to successful anticancer drugs is their ability to reach the target site while minimizing accumulation in other tissues. Most drugs lack the physical and chemical properties and ... -
Application of outer membrane vesicles from ESKAPE pathogens as native models of bacterial membranes
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-05-14)The antimicrobial resistance crisis has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, posing a significant threat to public health. To address this crisis there is an ongoing search for new antimicrobial substances. To facilitate this search and to understand the nature of antimicrobial resistance better it is crucial to develop representative models of bacterial membranes and efficient ... -
Hypothetical target trial emulation assessing of combination pembrolizumab with chemotherapy in NSCLC with frail patients
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-05-14)Real-world data (RWE) may enable the investigation of patients who are ineligible for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) due to poor performance status, old age, or comorbidities. In addition, it permits research that may be impossible through prospective design due to ethics or feasibility. Hypothetical target trial emulation(hTTE) has emerged as a new method that uses RWD to evaluate new drugs' ... -
Synthesis of linear and cyclic proline-rich analogues of the marine, antimicrobial peptides Hyasin 1 and Arasin 1. Impact of antimicrobial peptide modifications on bioactivity and toxicity
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2022-05-13)Since the introduction of antimicrobial agents in the 1940s, antimicrobial resistance has increasingly become a major concern. New resistance mechanisms have emerged and threatened our ability to treat common infections. Currently, antimicrobial resistance is rising to higher levels in all parts of the world and the need of novel therapeutics is increasing. As a contribution to antimicrobial drug ... -
The potential of ChatGPT as a learning tool. A randomized controlled trial of pharmacy students in Tromsø
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-12)Background: Pharmacy education is evolving with technological advances and changing student needs, incorporating digital tools alongside traditional methods. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models like ChatGPT, offers interactive learning and real-time feedback, shifting from passive to active learning. However, there is a notable lack of research-based evidence on ChatGPT’s ... -
Understanding how community pharmacist play a role in self-medication with antibiotics in Kumasi, Ghana.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-05-15)Background: Non-prescription antibiotic dispensing is a widespread phenomenon observed predominantly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and low-income countries (LICs). This practice is associated with inappropriate sale and usage of antibiotics, contributing significantly to the global challenge of antibiotic resistance. Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate how the pharmacist ... -
Patient selection in target trial emulation using data from Cancer registry of Norway
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-05-15)Background: Breast cancer is a significant public health challenge with diverse treatment outcomes. This underscores the need for better patient selection in clinical trials to improve representativeness and treatment efficacy. This thesis uses data from the Cancer Registry of Norway (CRN) to assess how modifications to eligibility criteria, as outlined in the PALOMA-II randomized controlled trial, ... -
Retur av legemidler til apotek i Tromsø
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-05-14)BAKGRUNN: Befolkningsvekst, utvikling av legemidler og helsetjenester, flere eldre og kronisk syke har blant annet ført til økt bruk av legemidler. Som følge av dette øker også mengden legemiddelavfall. Legemidler er avgjørende for mennesker og dyr sin helse, men de utgjør også en bekymring dersom de havner i miljøet. Studier har vist at den finansielle verdien av returnerte legemidler til apotek ... -
Exploring the viability of using liposomes and bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in interaction studies by calorimetric methods
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-05-14)The increasing level of AMR require an increase in new antimicrobial drug candidates. By proving that bEVs are a suitable model for the bacterial membrane, it can be applied to the development of new drug candidates. Potentially making the development of new candidates more efficient and reducing cost. To further examine the potential of bEVs, we isolated bEVs from E. coli, a gram-negative bacteria. ... -
Expression and characterization of recombinant mouse and human DUSP2 protein
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-09-15)Background: This master's thesis focuses on the DUSP2 phosphatase protein. This protein plays a vital role in regulating cellular signaling pathways, including MAPK signaling involving JNK1, p38α, and ERK2. By better understanding DUSP2's physiological role within these pathways, we can gain a deeper understanding of cellular mechanisms, disease mechanisms, and perhaps even pave the way for new drugs ... -
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm formation in clinical Escherichia Coli isolates from Norwegian hospitals.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-09-15)Biofilm is an extracellular matrix that allows bacteria to attach themselves to surfaces and to each other. Biofilm formation among E. coli causes diseases, and the majority of urinary tract infections (UTI) are caused by biofilm producing E. coli. The biofilm layer among E. coli also play a role in bloodstream infections (BSI). Biofilms adhere to surfaces as indwelling medical devices and increase ... -
Associations between use of antibiotic and non-antibiotic drugs on the gastrointestinal carriage of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a general adult population in Norway
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-11-14)Antimicrobial resistance has long been a problem and a struggle to compromise as life-threatening infections are harder to treat. Among common pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae) can be a highly resistant bacteria associated with increased mortality when infecting critically ill and immunocompromised patients. Prevalence of gastrointestinal carriage depends on several risk factors. ... -
Using real world data for pharmacoeconomic assessments - a case study
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-05-14)Pembrolizumab monotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was deemed not cost-effective due to limited data, high uncertainty regarding long term results and a considerable budget impact. However, due to confidential price agreements it was approved in 2017, as first-line treatment for metastatic NSCLC that expresses PD-L1 ≥ 50 %. Given potential discrepancies between clinical efficacy and ... -
Isolation and Biological Evaluation of Phomenins from the Marine Fungus Parafenestella sp.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-05-15)Background: Marine fungi are prolific producers of secondary metabolites. Phomenin A (2) and B (3) are secondary metabolites produced by Parafenestella sp. Previous studies have described them as bioactive, but due to the limited availability of pure compounds, their bioactivity has yet to be extensively characterised. These compounds were identified and isolated at Marbio, but the quantities obtained ... -
Mass cultivation of the marine diatom Porosira glacialis: Method development and comparison of pigment composition in response to irradiance wavelenght
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2022-05-19)In 2015, UiT The Arctic University of Norway and a local smelting plant initiated a project aiming to reduce the carbon footprint by mass cultivation of microalgae. The ability of the microalgae to directly capture industrially emitted CO2 and utilize wastewater as alternative nutrient sources to produce high value biomass, causes the bio-carbon recycling to represent both an environmental and ... -
Identification and semi-quantitative analysis of lipids in the diatom Porosira glacialis
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-05-18)Background: In 2015, The University of Tromsø initiated a project with local industry involving cultivation of marine microalgae to reduce industrial CO2-emissions. Marine microalgae are primary producers with high capacity for carbon fixation into biomass rich in lipids. Their lipid composition is characterized by high content of PUFAs such as EPA (20:5) and DHA (22:6). The biomass can potentially ... -
Ordningen «reseptfri medisin med veiledning» med fokus på Viagra Reseptfri® - farmasøyters erfaringer, og tanker rundt videreutvikling av ordningen
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-05-18)Bakgrunn: Apotekbransjen og farmasøytrollen er stadig i endring, og i de siste årene har flere og flere farmasøytiske tjenester blitt implementert i apotek. Dette har ført til større fokus på legemiddelveiledning og formidling av legemiddelinformasjon, samt apotek som et lavterskeltilbud innen helse. I 2018 åpnet Stortinget for å fjerne reseptplikten på enkelte legemidler, slik at de kunne selges ... -
The effect of β-lactamase evolution on biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-05-15)Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the greatest threats to public health in the 21st century. Especially, the production of -lactamase enzymes has become the leading cause of -lactam resistance in Gram-negative pathogens. In addition, many of the pathogens associated with extensive antimicrobial resistance form biofilms, which further increases their persistence. Studies from ...
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