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Understanding how community pharmacist play a role in self-medication with antibiotics in Kumasi, Ghana.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-05-15)Background: Non-prescription antibiotic dispensing is a widespread phenomenon observed predominantly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and low-income countries (LICs). This practice is associated with inappropriate sale and usage of antibiotics, contributing significantly to the global challenge of antibiotic resistance. Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate how the pharmacist ... -
Patient selection in target trial emulation using data from Cancer registry of Norway
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-05-15)Background: Breast cancer is a significant public health challenge with diverse treatment outcomes. This underscores the need for better patient selection in clinical trials to improve representativeness and treatment efficacy. This thesis uses data from the Cancer Registry of Norway (CRN) to assess how modifications to eligibility criteria, as outlined in the PALOMA-II randomized controlled trial, ... -
Retur av legemidler til apotek i Tromsø
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-05-14)BAKGRUNN: Befolkningsvekst, utvikling av legemidler og helsetjenester, flere eldre og kronisk syke har blant annet ført til økt bruk av legemidler. Som følge av dette øker også mengden legemiddelavfall. Legemidler er avgjørende for mennesker og dyr sin helse, men de utgjør også en bekymring dersom de havner i miljøet. Studier har vist at den finansielle verdien av returnerte legemidler til apotek ... -
Exploring the viability of using liposomes and bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in interaction studies by calorimetric methods
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-05-14)The increasing level of AMR require an increase in new antimicrobial drug candidates. By proving that bEVs are a suitable model for the bacterial membrane, it can be applied to the development of new drug candidates. Potentially making the development of new candidates more efficient and reducing cost. To further examine the potential of bEVs, we isolated bEVs from E. coli, a gram-negative bacteria. ... -
Expression and characterization of recombinant mouse and human DUSP2 protein
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-09-15)Background: This master's thesis focuses on the DUSP2 phosphatase protein. This protein plays a vital role in regulating cellular signaling pathways, including MAPK signaling involving JNK1, p38α, and ERK2. By better understanding DUSP2's physiological role within these pathways, we can gain a deeper understanding of cellular mechanisms, disease mechanisms, and perhaps even pave the way for new drugs ... -
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm formation in clinical Escherichia Coli isolates from Norwegian hospitals.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-09-15)Biofilm is an extracellular matrix that allows bacteria to attach themselves to surfaces and to each other. Biofilm formation among E. coli causes diseases, and the majority of urinary tract infections (UTI) are caused by biofilm producing E. coli. The biofilm layer among E. coli also play a role in bloodstream infections (BSI). Biofilms adhere to surfaces as indwelling medical devices and increase ... -
Associations between use of antibiotic and non-antibiotic drugs on the gastrointestinal carriage of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a general adult population in Norway
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-11-14)Antimicrobial resistance has long been a problem and a struggle to compromise as life-threatening infections are harder to treat. Among common pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae) can be a highly resistant bacteria associated with increased mortality when infecting critically ill and immunocompromised patients. Prevalence of gastrointestinal carriage depends on several risk factors. ... -
Using real world data for pharmacoeconomic assessments - a case study
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-05-14)Pembrolizumab monotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was deemed not cost-effective due to limited data, high uncertainty regarding long term results and a considerable budget impact. However, due to confidential price agreements it was approved in 2017, as first-line treatment for metastatic NSCLC that expresses PD-L1 ≥ 50 %. Given potential discrepancies between clinical efficacy and ... -
Isolation and Biological Evaluation of Phomenins from the Marine Fungus Parafenestella sp.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2024-05-15)Background: Marine fungi are prolific producers of secondary metabolites. Phomenin A (2) and B (3) are secondary metabolites produced by Parafenestella sp. Previous studies have described them as bioactive, but due to the limited availability of pure compounds, their bioactivity has yet to be extensively characterised. These compounds were identified and isolated at Marbio, but the quantities obtained ... -
Mass cultivation of the marine diatom Porosira glacialis: Method development and comparison of pigment composition in response to irradiance wavelenght
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2022-05-19)In 2015, UiT The Arctic University of Norway and a local smelting plant initiated a project aiming to reduce the carbon footprint by mass cultivation of microalgae. The ability of the microalgae to directly capture industrially emitted CO2 and utilize wastewater as alternative nutrient sources to produce high value biomass, causes the bio-carbon recycling to represent both an environmental and ... -
Identification and semi-quantitative analysis of lipids in the diatom Porosira glacialis
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-05-18)Background: In 2015, The University of Tromsø initiated a project with local industry involving cultivation of marine microalgae to reduce industrial CO2-emissions. Marine microalgae are primary producers with high capacity for carbon fixation into biomass rich in lipids. Their lipid composition is characterized by high content of PUFAs such as EPA (20:5) and DHA (22:6). The biomass can potentially ... -
Ordningen «reseptfri medisin med veiledning» med fokus på Viagra Reseptfri® - farmasøyters erfaringer, og tanker rundt videreutvikling av ordningen
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-05-18)Bakgrunn: Apotekbransjen og farmasøytrollen er stadig i endring, og i de siste årene har flere og flere farmasøytiske tjenester blitt implementert i apotek. Dette har ført til større fokus på legemiddelveiledning og formidling av legemiddelinformasjon, samt apotek som et lavterskeltilbud innen helse. I 2018 åpnet Stortinget for å fjerne reseptplikten på enkelte legemidler, slik at de kunne selges ... -
The effect of β-lactamase evolution on biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-05-15)Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the greatest threats to public health in the 21st century. Especially, the production of -lactamase enzymes has become the leading cause of -lactam resistance in Gram-negative pathogens. In addition, many of the pathogens associated with extensive antimicrobial resistance form biofilms, which further increases their persistence. Studies from ... -
Kvalitet av legemiddelbruk og legemiddelinformasjon hos hoftebruddspasienter ved Sykehuset i Vestfold HF – en tverrsnittstudie
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-15)Det er i hovedsak eldre personer som gjennomgår hoftebrudd, som er et fryktet osteoporotisk brudd. Eldre har flere sykdommer som fører til at de blir behandlet med flere legemidler sammenlignet med yngre. Dette vil igjen øke risikoen for uhensiktsmessig legemiddelbruk. I tillegg overføres eldre hyppig inn og ut og mellom helseinstitusjoner, som skaper et behov for velfungerende informasjonsoverføring. ... -
Dual delivery of chlorogenic acid and mimic of antimicrobial peptide – towards wound treatment
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2022-05-12)Chronic wounds are a major burden, causing both morbidity and mortality in patients, as well as a massive economical strain on health care systems worldwide. These wounds have a high degree of complexity and are often difficult to treat due to the many factors limiting healing, such as inflammation, biofilm formation and bacterial infections. With these typically persistent infections and a rising ... -
Chitosan-modified liposomes for delivery of membrane-active antimicrobials – exploring the role of the polymer
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2022-05-12)Antimicrobial resistance in skin injury infections is becoming a rising problem as more conventional antimicrobials become ineffective in resistant infections. Therefore, developing novel effective antimicrobials while promoting wound healing is urgently needed. Membrane-active antimicrobials, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), display promising antimicrobial activity, and could potentially solve ... -
Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry to identify lipids in marine bacterial biomass
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-05-14)Background: BMFishfeed is a cooperative project since 2021 between UiT the Arctic University of Norway, NORCE Stavanger and the University of South-Eastern Norway where the goal is to develop a lipid-rich bacterial meal that can be utilized as fish feed in the aquaculture industry. Carbon-rich waste from an omega-3 production site is used as nutrition for marine bacterial cultures, which are fermented ... -
Process optimization of albumin-stabilized mitotane nanoparticle preparation by dual centrifugation and first lyophilization study
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-05-13)Albumin-stabilized mitotane nanoparticles intended for intravenous application can serve as a potential formulation for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma. However, the particle size of a nanoparticle-based formulation is crucial for the in vivo behavior of the nanoparticles following an intravenous injection. Prior to this project, the particle size of this nanoformulation had a mean of ... -
Push and pull factors for migration of foreign pharmacists to Norway
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-05-12)Migration of foreign pharmacists to Norway has increased considerably in recent years. Data from the Directorate of Health shows that 1592 foreign pharmacists received authorization in Norway from 2013 to 2021 as compared to 1952 Norwegian pharmacists. There are several theories of migration, but “push and pull theory” is the most widely used approach to learn about reasons of migration. According ... -
Computational studies on the human GnRH-I and the GnRH-receptor
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-05-12)Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRH-R), which is a Class A G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), has a vital role in the regulation of sex hormones. The receptor also has a prominent role in diseases, with examples being reproductive cancers and non-reproductive cancers like glioblastoma. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists have been proven to combat cell proliferation in cancers. ...
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