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norskArtikler, rapporter og annet (farmasi): Recent submissions
Now showing items 181-200 of 391
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Evidence for limited adaptive responsiveness to large-scale spatial variation of habitat quality
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-10-24)The ability of organisms to adapt their foraging behaviour to spatial variations in food availability and habitat quality is crucial to maximize energy intake and hence fitness. Under ideal conditions, habitat selection should result in a spatial distribution of individuals such that their fitness (energy reserves or condition) is roughly equal across habitats of varying quality. Using 11 yr of field ... -
Pharmacists’ expectations and perceptions of electronic medication management: lessons from Australia
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019)<p><i>Background - </i>Implementing electronic medication management systems (eMMS) is likely to influence established work practices. <p><i>Objective - </i>To explore Australian hospital pharmacists’ expectations of, or experiences with, eMMS. <p><i>Methods - </i>Semi-structured individual phone interviews with pharmacists from six Australian States and Territories were conducted in 2014. ... -
The Antimicrobial Properties of Chitosan Can be Tailored by Formulation
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-01-31)Topical administration of drugs into the vagina can provide local therapy of vaginal infections, preventing the possible systemic side effects of the drugs. The natural polysaccharide chitosan is known for its excellent mucoadhesive properties, safety profile, and antibacterial effects, and thus it can be utilized in improving localized vaginal therapy by prolonging the residence time of a drug at ... -
Mucoadhesive buccal films based on a graft co-polymer – A mucin-retentive hydrogel scaffold
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-11-07)From a patient-centric perspective, oromucosal drug delivery is highly attractive due to the ease of administration without the need of swallowing, and improved patient safety. The aim of the presented work was to prepare a buccal film using a self-forming micellar drug solubiliser as the film matrix, combining it with a mucoadhesive polymer for an enhanced retention on the buccal mucosa. Specifically, ... -
Multi-scale modeling of drug binding kinetics to predict drug efficacy
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-11-25)Optimizing drug therapies for any disease requires a solid understanding of pharmacokinetics (the drug concentration at a given time point in different body compartments) and pharmacodynamics (the effect a drug has at a given concentration). Mathematical models are frequently used to infer drug concentrations over time based on infrequent sampling and/or in inaccessible body compartments. Models are ... -
Evaluation by metabolic profiling and in vitro autoradiography of two promising GnRH‐receptor ligands for brain SPECT imaging
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-12-18)The increased expression of gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRH‐R) in brain has been strongly linked to Alzheimer disease. Therefore, the development of radiolabeled imaging agents for GnRH‐R is relevant for early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. We have recently disclosed the discovery of two promising compounds displaying nanomolar‐range affinity for the GnRH‐R. In the present study, a ... -
The hypotonic environmental changes affect liposomal formulations for nose-to-brain targeted drug delivery
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-03-16)Systemic administration of drugs is ineffective in the treatment of central nervous system disorders because of the blood-brain barrier. Nasal administration has been suggested as an alternative administration route as drugs absorbed in the olfactory epithelium bypass the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain within minutes. However, the nasal mucosa properties (e.g., tonicity, pH) are not constant ... -
Interpreting non-linear drug diffusion data: Utilizing Korsmeyer-Peppas model to study drug release from liposomes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07-30)The aim of this work was to clarify the dynamics behind the influence of ionic strength on the changes in drug release from large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs). For this purpose, we have investigated the transport of two different model drugs (caffeine and hydrocortisone) formulated into liposomes through different types of barriers with different retention properties (regenerated cellulose and the ... -
Academic detailing as a method of continuing medical education
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019)<i>Introduction</i>: Academic detailing is an interactive educational outreach to prescribers to present unbiased, non-commercial, evidence-based information, mostly about medications, with the goal of improving patient care. Academic detailing in Norway is an approach for providing continuing medical education to general practitioners (GPs). The basis of academic detailing is a one-to-one discussion ... -
Mucosal Metabolomic Profiling and Pathway Analysis Reveal the Metabolic Signature of Ulcerative Colitis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-11-27)The onset of ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by a dysregulated mucosal immune response triggered by several genetic and environmental factors in the context of host–microbe interaction. This complexity makes UC ideal for metabolomic studies to unravel the disease pathobiology and to improve the patient stratification strategies. This study aims to explore the mucosal metabolomic profile in ... -
Lipidomics in ulcerative colitis reveal alteration in mucosal lipid composition associated with the disease state
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-11)<p><i>Background - </i>The onset of ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with alterations in lipid metabolism and a disruption of the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules. Only a few studies describe the mucosal lipid biosignatures during active UC. Moreover, the dynamics of lipid metabolism in the remission state is poorly defined. Therefore, this study aims to characterize mucosal ... -
Curcumin-In-Deformable Liposomes-In-ChitosanHydrogel as a Novel Wound Dressing
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-12-20)A liposomes-in-hydrogel system as an advanced wound dressing for dermal delivery of curcumin was proposed for improved chronic wound therapy. Curcumin, a multitargeting poorly soluble active substance with known beneficial properties for improved wound healing, was incorporated in deformable liposomes to overcome its poor solubility. Chitosan hydrogel served as a vehicle providing superior wound ... -
Interactions between plasmids and other mobile genetic elements affect their transmission and persistence
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-02-14)Plasmids are genetic elements that play a role in bacterial evolution by providing new genes that promote adaptation to diverse conditions. Plasmids are also known to reduce bacterial competitiveness in the absence of selection for plasmid-encoded traits. It is easier to understand plasmid persistence when considering the evidence that plasmid maintenance can improve during co-evolution with the ... -
Azithromycin-liposomes as a novel approach for localized therapy of cervicovaginal bacterial infections
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07-30)<p><i>Background - </i>Efficient localized cervicovaginal antibacterial therapy, enabling the delivery of antibiotic to the site of action at lower doses while escaping systemic drug effects and reducing the risk of developing microbial resistance, is attracting considerable attention. Liposomes have been shown to allow sustained drug release into vaginal mucosa and improve delivery of antibiotics ... -
Bruk av kosttilskudd blant middelaldrende norske kvinner
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2019-03-18)<p><i>Formål - </i>Å beskrive forbruksmønsteret av kosttilskudd blant middelaldrende norske kvinner med tanke på sammenheng med brukerkarakteristika, inkludert legemiddelbruk og sosioøkonomiske faktorer. <p><i>Metode - </i>Studien er en tverrsnittsanalyse av spørreskjemadata fra 3231 deltakere (født 1943-57) i Kvinner og kreftstudien. Data ble innsamlet i 2003-2006, responsrate 72 %. <p><i>Resultat ... -
A cross-country time and motion study to measure the impact of electronic medication management systems on the work of hospital pharmacists in Australia and England
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-18)<i>Background</i>: Qualitative studies have provided important insights into how hospital pharmacists’ work changes when electronic medication management (EMM) systems are introduced. Quantitative studies of work practice change are rare. Despite the use of EMM systems internationally, there are no cross-country comparative studies of their impact on health professionals’ work. We aimed to quantify ... -
A Stepwise Pharmacist-Led Medication Review Service in Interdisciplinary Teams in Rural Nursing Homes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-11-05)<p><i>Background - </i>The provision of responsible medication therapy to old nursing home residents with comorbidities is a difficult task and requires extensive knowledge about optimal pharmacotherapy for different conditions. We describe a stepwise pharmacist-led medication review service in combination with an interdisciplinary team collaboration in order to identify, resolve, and prevent ... -
Mandatory medication indications in electronic systems – the prescriber perspective
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019)As hospitals transition from paper to electronic medication charts, an opportunity exists to ‘nudge’ prescribers to document medication indications by making this data-entry field mandatory. The aim of this study was to explore hospital doctors’ perceptions of mandatory documentation of indications in an electronic medication management (EMM) system. Ten junior doctors took part in brief semi-structured ... -
Transposon-insertion sequencing screens unveil requirements for EHEC growth and intestinal colonization
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-08-12)Enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 (EHEC) is an important food-borne pathogen that colonizes the colon. Transposon-insertion sequencing (TIS) was used to identify genes required for EHEC and <i>E. coli</i> K-12 growth <i>in vitro</i> and for EHEC growth <i>in vivo</i> in the infant rabbit colon. Surprisingly, many conserved loci contribute to EHEC’s but not to K-12’s growth <i>in ... -
Low dose naltrexone: Effects on medication in rheumatoid and seropositive arthritis. A nationwide register-based controlled quasi-experimental before-after study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-02-14)In recent years, low dose naltrexone (LDN) has been used as an off-label therapy for several chronic diseases. Results from small laboratory and clinical studies indicate some beneficial effects of LDN in autoimmune diseases, but clinical research on LDN in rheumatic disease is limited. Using a pharmacoepidemiological approach, we wanted to test the hypothesis that starting LDN leads to reduced ...
