Blar i tittel Mastergradsoppgaver i folkehelsevitenskap
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The associations of alcohol consumption with smoking cessation and weight change
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2020-05-27)Alcohol consumption, overweight and smoking are associated with premature mortality. These behaviors tend to co-occur and often differ between different socioeconomic groups. Previous studies have indicated a reversed social gradient in total alcohol consumption. The main purpose of this repeated-measures study was to investigate the social gradient in total alcohol consumption and its relationship ... -
Barriers to access to healthcare services by immigrants population in Scandinavia. A systematic scoping review
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2017-12-26)Background: A universal coverage characterises Scandinavian healthcare systems. The system is financed through taxation. Immigrants with legal residence in Norway, Sweden or Denmark are entitled to the same health coverage as the native population. However, research has shown that despite legal residency, immigrants’ utilization of regular healthcare services is low compared to the native population, ... -
Betydning av uførepensjon for livskvalitet hos personer som hadde søkt hjelp for psykiske plager i Tromsøundersøkelse – IV
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2009-01-20)Over 330.000 mennesker er uføretrygdet i Norge, og antallet nye tilfeller forventes å øke de kommende år. Samtidig stiger andelen uføretrygdede grunnet psykiske plager og lidelser – særlig blant de yngre. Man har lite kunnskap om hvordan uførepensjon påvirker livskvalitet. Det empiriske materialet er Tromsøundersøkelse-IV, som ble gjennomført i 1994/95. I alt 22.943 deltakere mellom 25 og 67 år ble ... -
Beyond diagnoses: The importance of social circumstances and lifestyle factors in explaining health-related quality of life and subjective well-being
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2015-08-01)Background: There exist different descriptive system for reporting Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and Subjective Well-being (SWB). Comparisons of results obtained from respondents shows not only diseases or health status that influence the result, but also social circumstance and behavioural factors are important to consider when analysing the results obtained when measuring HRQoL and ... -
Birthweight percentiles by gestational age in Georgia
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2017-05-16)Background: Development of country specific birthweight percentile by gestational age chart has been suggested to identify small for gestational age (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA) babies who are at a risk of perinatal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Objectives: The objective of this study was to construct sex-specific standard birthweight by gestational age chart for Georgia. Methodology: ... -
Bruk av reseptfri smertestillende midler – et jentefenomen? Forekomst i bruk av reseptfrie smertestillende midler blant ungdom i videregående skole; en studie av faktorer av betydning for ukentlig til daglig bruk
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2018-12-31)<p>Bakgrunn: Ungdom anses som en frisk del av befolkningen. Likevel har tidligere forskning vist økt forbruk av reseptfri smertestillende midler, i større grad enn en samtidig økning i smerteproblematikk. <p>Mål: Å identifisere kjønnsspesifikt forekomst og faktorer assosiert med ukentlig til daglig bruk av reseptfri smertestillende medikamenter blant deltakere i Tromsøundersøkelsen Fit Futures 1. ... -
Can structural indicators explain gender difference in life expectancy (LE) at birth among WHO member countries?
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2012-06)Forskjellen i life expectancy at birth mellom kjønn varierer fra land til land og i de fleste tilfellene så lever kvinner lengre enn menn. Det globale gjennomsnittet er på ca 7% lengre levetid for kvinner enn menn, men man har forskjeller som er helt opp i 23%. Det finnes etablerte hypoteser på hvorfor kvinner lever lengre enn menn og i denne oppgaven vil jeg se på hvordan sosiale og strukturelle ... -
Cervical cancer vaccination for my daughter, no thanks: A research synthesis on parental explained barriers to delayed or non-acceptance of HPV vaccination in high-income (OECD) nations. Parental expressed reasons on why they delay or rejected HPV vaccination for their daughters aged 9-17 within OECD nations between 2008 and 2016
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2016-04-07)Background: The World Health Organization including high income nations recommends that Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination should be given to young girls as they believe it’s the best available method to reduce cervical cancer morbidity and mortality. HPV vaccination remains lower than anticipated within OECD nations. Through responses, we may understand the main reasons to why parents delayed ... -
Change and predictors of change in fruit and vegetable consumption among Norwegian women: 1996-2005. The NOWAC study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2016-05-11)Background: Studies have shown the health benefits of adequate fruit and vegetable consumption with regards to prevention of chronic diseases. Results from the national dietary surveys in Norway show that consumption of fruits and vegetables have been on the increase but the proportion that meets the recommended daily intake is low. The aim of this study was to examine the change and the predictors ... -
Changes in bone mineral density over time in patients with self-reported chronic diseases: The Tromsø Study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2014-08-17)Objective: To examine the total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN) bone loss in women and men above 50 years of age with self-reported chronic diseases. Methods: Using data from ‘The Tromsø Study’, men and women aged 50-74 years were included in this study. Disease status was identified based on self-reports. Bone mineral density (BMD) of TH and FN were measured using DXA (Dual-energy X-ray ... -
Changing trends in caesarean section births in Murmansk County, Russia
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2014-03-09)Objective: To analyze changing trends of caesarean section (CS) birth rates in Murmansk County, Russia over a 5- year period (2006-2010) using the Robson 10-group classification system. Design: A registry- based study. Setting: The Murmansk County Birth Registry (MCBR). Study population: All deliveries registered (N=44 267) in the MCBR between 1st of January 2006 and 31st of December 2010. ... -
Cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer risk in 83 500 Norwegian men and women
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2017-05-14)Objective: To investigate the association between cigarette smoking and the risk of developing pancreatic cancer and if the risk differed for male- and female smokers. Methods: For our statistical analysis, using data from the Norwegian Counties Study, Cox proportional hazards model was used to obtain age-adjusted and multivariate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for obtaining risk ... -
Cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer risk in 83500 Norwegian men and women
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2017-05-14)Objective: To investigate the association between cigarette smoking and the risk of developing pancreatic cancer and if the risk differed for male- and female smokers. Methods: For our statistical analysis, using data from the Norwegian Counties Study, Cox proportional hazards model was used to obtain age-adjusted and multivariate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for obtaining risk ... -
Classical Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) in Arkhangelsk: Have They Changed over the Years? Comparison of Cross-sectional Studies: Arkhangelsk Study 2000 and Arkhangelsk Part of Know Your Heart Study 2015-17.
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-05-31)Background: According to the World Health Organization, 31% of all deaths worldwide result from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), mostly in low- and middle-income countries. Even though Russia, an upper-middle income country, still have higher CVD mortality compared to the neighboring countries such as Finland and Norway, it has seen a reduction in CVD mortality since the turn of the millennium. ... -
Coffee as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. A literature study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2016-07-28)Coffee is the most widely drunk beverage around the world, especially within Scandinavia.However, there have been conflicting evidence on the consumption of coffee as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The importance to explore the full effects of coffee related health problems, including brewing methods, is mainly due to the high consumption rate of coffee around the world. In the context ... -
Coffee consumption and risk of first and recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and all-cause mortality after VTE
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2017-05-15)Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world and it has been reported to be associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) is a major public health burden, although its association to dietary habits including coffee consumption is still underinvestigated. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the association between daily coffee intake and the risk ... -
A comparative analysis of two cross-sectional surveys of healthcare workers' hand hygiene knowledge, intentions, access and product preferences between two university hospitals, one in Norway and one in Canada
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2008-06-15)Objective: Vancouver General Hospital (VGH) and The University Hospital of Northern Norway in Tromsø (UNN-Tromsø) were compared for self-reported differences in level of knowledge and intentions to comply with the hand hygiene guidelines. Hand hygiene products were also assessed for preference of use, access, gentleness and promotion of hand hygiene compliance. Methods: A cross-sectional quality ... -
Contribution of risk factors to socioeconomic variation in blood pressure : the Tromsø study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2012-12-03)Abstract Objectives: Examine the degree to which BMI, heart rate, physical activity, alcohol intake, smoking and social participation may account for the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and systolic blood pressure (SBP), with main focus on measured SBP continuous variable. Design: Cross-sectional study with data from the Tromsø study 6. Setting: Tromsø Participant: The sample ... -
Current situation of paediatric chronic pain in Switzerland: prevalence and paediatricians’ experiences. A cross-sectional study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-07-10)<p><i>Background:</i> Chronic pain (CP) prevalence in children and adolescents has been increasing over the past decades. The patient-reported prevalence is around 25% depending on the methodology and location of pain. Chronic pain is defined in this study as persisting or recurrent pain that has lasted longer than three months. <p><i>Objectives:</i> To estimate the prevalence of chronic pain in ... -
Dental Anxiety in Northern Norway. Epidemiologic Assessment of Dental Anxiety in the Troms County - the TOHNN-study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2017-05-23)Objectives. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of dental anxiety (DA) in the Troms county and to investigate the association of DA and variables of socio-economic status, geographic distribution, gender, dental care habits, and oral health status. Methods. Data from the Tromstannen – Oral health in Northern Norway (TOHNN) study was used. Dental anxiety was assessed with the aid ...