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dc.contributor.authorTuri, Zsolt
dc.contributor.authorLenz, Maximilian
dc.contributor.authorPaulus, Walter
dc.contributor.authorMittner, Matthias
dc.contributor.authorVlachos, Andreas
dc.date.accessioned2021-09-22T12:01:00Z
dc.date.available2021-09-22T12:01:00Z
dc.date.issued2021-03-22
dc.description.abstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an increasingly used, non-invasive brain stimulation technique in neuroscience research and clinical practice with a broad spectrum of suggested applications. Among other parameters, the choice of stimulus intensity and intracranial electric field strength substantially impacts rTMS outcome. This review provides a systematic overview of the intensity selection approaches and stimulation intensities used in human rTMS studies. We also examined whether studies report sufficient information to reproduce stimulus intensities for basic science research models. We performed a systematic review by focusing on original studies published between 1991 and 2020. We included conventional (e.g., 1 or 10 Hz) and patterned protocols (e.g., continuous or intermittent theta burst stimulation). We identified 3,784 articles in total, and we manually processed a representative portion (20%) of randomly selected articles. The majority of the analyzed studies (90% of entries) used the motor threshold (MT) approach and stimulation intensities from 80% to 120% of the MT. For continuous and intermittent theta burst stimulation, the most frequent stimulation intensity was 80% of the active MT. Most studies (92% of entries) did not report sufficient information to reproduce the stimulation intensity. Only a minority of studies (1.03% of entries) estimated the rTMS-induced electric field strengths. We formulate easy-to-follow recommendations to help scientists and clinicians report relevant information on stimulation intensity. Future standardized reporting guidelines may facilitate the use of basic science approaches aiming at better understanding the molecular, cellular, and neuronal mechanisms of rTMS.en_US
dc.identifier.citationTuri, Lenz, Paulus, Mittner, Vlachos. Selecting stimulation intensity in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation studies: A systematic review between 1991 and 2020. European Journal of Neuroscience. 2021en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1936398
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/ejn.15195
dc.identifier.issn0953-816X
dc.identifier.issn1460-9568
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/22604
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherWileyen_US
dc.relation.journalEuropean Journal of Neuroscience
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2021 The Author(s)en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Social science: 200::Psychology: 260en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Samfunnsvitenskap: 200::Psykologi: 260en_US
dc.titleSelecting stimulation intensity in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation studies: A systematic review between 1991 and 2020en_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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