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dc.contributor.authorChen, Sairah Lai Fa
dc.contributor.authorBraaten, Tonje Bjørndal
dc.contributor.authorBorch, Kristin Benjaminsen
dc.contributor.authorFerrari, Pietro
dc.contributor.authorSandanger, Torkjel M
dc.contributor.authorNøst, Therese Haugdahl
dc.date.accessioned2021-09-23T08:20:18Z
dc.date.available2021-09-23T08:20:18Z
dc.date.issued2021-08-16
dc.description.abstract<i>Introduction</i>: Only a small number of studies have examined the impact of combined lifestyle behaviors on cancer incidence, and never in a Norwegian population.<br><br> <i>Purpose</i>: To examine linear and nonlinear associations of combined lifestyle factors, assessed through a healthy lifestyle index (HLI), with the incidence of postmenopausal breast, colorectal, lung, postmenopausal endometrial, postmenopausal ovarian, pancreatic, and kidney cancer among women in Norway.<br><br> <i>Methods</i>: This prospective study included 96,869 women enrolled in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) cohort. Baseline information on lifestyle factors was collected between 1996 and 2004. The HLI was constructed from five lifestyle factors: physical activity level, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, and diet. Each factor contributed 0 to 4 points to the HLI score, which ranged from 0 to 20, with higher scores representing a healthier lifestyle. Multiple imputation was used to handle missing data. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Restricted cubic splines were used to examine nonlinearity in the associations.<br><br> <i>Results</i>: The HRs for a one-point increment on the HLI score were 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96– 0.98) for postmenopausal breast cancer, 0.98 (0.96– 1.00) for colorectal cancer, 0.86 (0.84– 0.87) for lung cancer, 0.93 (0.91– 0.95) for postmenopausal endometrial cancer, 0.99 (0.96– 1.02) for postmenopausal ovarian cancer, 0.92 (0.89– 0.95) for pancreatic cancer, and 0.94 (0.91– 0.97) for kidney cancer. Nonlinearity was observed for the inverse associations between HLI score and the incidence of lung cancer and postmenopausal breast cancer.<br><br> <i>Conclusion</i>: Based on our results, healthier lifestyle, as assessed by the HLI score, was associated with lower incidence of postmenopausal breast, colorectal, lung, postmenopausal endometrial, pancreatic, and kidney cancer among women, although the magnitude and linearity varied. Adoption of healthier lifestyle behaviors should be a public health priority to reduce the cancer burden among Norwegian women.en_US
dc.identifier.citationChen, Braaten, Borch, Ferrari, Sandanger, Nøst. Combined Lifestyle Behaviors and the Incidence of Common Cancer Types in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC). Clinical Epidemiology. 2021en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1926312
dc.identifier.doi10.2147/CLEP.S312864
dc.identifier.issn1179-1349
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/22624
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherDove Medical Pressen_US
dc.relation.ispartofChen, S.L.F. (2023). A healthy lifestyle index and cancer: Using a multifactor lifestyle exposure to estimate cancer incidence and survival among Norwegian women. (Doctoral thesis). <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/29829>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/29829</a>.
dc.relation.journalClinical Epidemiology
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2021 The Author(s)en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, Social medicine: 801en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801en_US
dc.titleCombined Lifestyle Behaviors and the Incidence of Common Cancer Types in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC)en_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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