The relationships between use of alcohol, tobacco and coffee in adolescence and mood disorders in adulthood
Permanent link
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/27458Date
2022-09-22Type
Journal articleTidsskriftartikkel
Peer reviewed
Author
Bolstad, Ingeborg; Alakokkare, Anni-Emilia; Bramness, Jørgen Gustav; Rognli, Eline B.; Levola, Jonna; Mustonen, Antti; Miettunen, Jouko; Niemelä, SoljaAbstract
Methods: Data from The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 Study were used and a total of 7660 participants (49.9% male) were included. Associations between alcohol use, cigarette smoking and coffee consumption at age 16 and later diagnoses of major depression and bipolar disorder were examined using multinomial logistic regression analyses.
Results: Mean number of cigarettes/day (OR, 1.23 [95% CI 1.01–1.50]) and mean volume of alcohol consumption (OR, 1.22 [95% CI 1.01–1.47]), but not frequency of excessive drinking, in adolescence were associated with increased risk for subsequent bipolar disorder after adjustment for sex, parental psychiatric disorders, family structure, illicit substance use, and emotional and behavioral problems at age 16. An association between cigarette smoking and major depression attenuated to statistically non-significant when adjusted for emotional and behavioral problems. No associations were observed between adolescent coffee consumption and subsequent mood disorders.
Conclusions: This is the first study to report an association of adolescent cigarette smoking and subsequent bipolar disorder diagnosis providing grounds for further research and pointing to a place for preventive measures among adolescents.