Fungi and Actinobacteria: Alternative Probiotics for Sustainable Aquaculture
Permanent lenke
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/32524Dato
2023-11-25Type
Journal articleTidsskriftartikkel
Peer reviewed
Sammendrag
Aquatic animals are continually being exposed to stressors under farming conditions, increasing risks to gut health that result in dysbiosis. Since restrictions are imposed on the frequent use
of antibiotics in aquaculture, there is emerging demand for economically viable, environmentally safe,
and sustainable alternatives for the intensive production of aquaculture species. The application of
beneficial microorganisms as probiotics has been suggested and widely practiced in recent times. Bacteria and fungi are ubiquitous microorganisms that can grow in various environments where organic
substrates are available. Being rich in nutrients, a fish’s aquatic environment and gastrointestinal tract
confer a favorable culture milieu for the microorganisms. However, the colonization and probiotic
potential of fungi and mycelial bacteria resembling fungi (actinobacteria), either in the culture environment or within the gastrointestinal tracts of fish, have received less emphasis. Apart from bacilli
and lactic acid bacteria, as the most conventionally used probiotics in aquaculture, numerous studies
have focused on other promising alternatives. Diverse species of yeasts and molds belonging to the
kingdom ‘Fungi’ have been characterized for their prospective roles in nutrition, immunomodulation,
and disease prevention in fish. Bioactive compounds such as manno-oligosaccharides and β-glucans
are recognized as fungal postbiotics that improve innate immunity and disease resistance in fish.
Actinobacteria are known to possess different hydrolytic enzymes and novel secondary metabolites
representing their probiotic attributes. The application of these groups in water quality amelioration
has also been explored. Thus, this paper presents an overview of the present status of knowledge
pertaining to the effects of yeasts (Candida, Cryptococcus, Debaryomyces, Geotrichum, Leucosporidium,
Pichia, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Sporidiobolus, Sporobolomyces, Trichosporon and
Yarrowialipolytica), molds (Aspergillus spp.) and actinobacteria (Streptomyces) as probiotics in finfish
aquaculture, as well as their occurrence within the gastrointestinal tracts of finfish. Furthermore,
probiotic mechanisms, selection criteria, and future perspectives on using fungi and actinobacteria as
promising probiotics are discussed.
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MDPISitering
Ghosh, Harikrishnan, Mukhopadhyay, Ringø. Fungi and Actinobacteria: Alternative Probiotics for Sustainable Aquaculture. Fishes. 2023;8(12)Metadata
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