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norskInstitutt for samfunnsmedisin: Nye registreringer
Viser treff 1661-1680 av 2050
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External validation of prediction models for pneumonia in primary care patients with lower respiratory tract infection: An individual patient data meta-analysis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-02-26)Background:<br> Pneumonia remains difficult to diagnose in primary care. Prediction models based on signs and symptoms (S&S) serve to minimize the diagnostic uncertainty. External validation of these models is essential before implementation into routine practice. In this study all published S&S models for prediction of pneumonia in primary care were externally validated in the individual patient ... -
A Nested Case–Control Study of Metabolically Defined Body Size Phenotypes and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-04-05)Background:<br> Obesity is positively associated with colorectal cancer. Recently, body size subtypes categorised by the prevalence of hyperinsulinaemia have been defined, and metabolically healthy overweight/obese individuals (without hyperinsulinaemia) have been suggested to be at lower risk of cardiovascular disease than their metabolically unhealthy (hyperinsulinaemic) overweight/obese counterparts. ... -
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-10-08)Background:<br>Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world’s population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes aff ecting children, to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) more common in adults. For the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015), ... -
Circulating Vitamin D in relation to cancer incidence and survival of the head and neck and oesophagus in the EPIC cohort
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-11-04)Experimental and epidemiological data suggest that vitamin D play a role in pathogenesis and progression of cancer, but prospective data on head and neck cancer (HNC) and oesophagus cancer are limited. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study recruited 385,747 participants with blood samples between 1992 and 2000. This analysis includes 497 case-control pairs ... -
Diet quality scores and prediction of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality in a pan-european cohort study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-07-13)Scores of overall diet quality have received increasing attention in relation to disease aetiol- ogy; however, their value in risk prediction has been little examined. The objective was to assess and compare the association and predictive performance of 10 diet quality scores on 10-year risk of all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality in 451,256 healthy participants to the European Prospective ... -
Persistent Organic Pollutants and the Association with Maternal and Infant Thyroid Homeostasis: A Multipollutant Assessment
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-01)Background:<br>Disruption of thyroid homeostasis has been indicated in human studies targeting effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Influence on the maternal thyroid system by POPs is of special interest during pregnancy because such effects could impair infant thyroid homeostasis.<br> Objectives:<br>We investigated the association between POPs and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) ... -
Drop in lung function during asthma and COPD exacerbations – can it be assessed without spirometry?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-12-08)Background: When assessing patients with exacerbation of asthma or COPD, it may be useful to know the drop in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) compared with stable state, in particular when considering treatment with oral corticosteroids. The objective of the study was to identify indicators of drop in FEV1 during exacerbations. Methods: In this prospective multicenter study from primary ... -
Hjemmerehabilitering, en endringsagent? - En systematisk undersøkelse
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2016-12-07)Bakgrunn:Hverdagsrehabilitering innføres som en ny arbeidsform i Norge. Hjemmerehabilitering blir utforsket i oppgaven. Hensikt : Forbedres funksjonen hos eldre over 65 år som mottar hjemmerehabilitering - vurdert ut fra aktiviteter i dagliglivet og ganghastighet? Inklusjonskriterie r: RCT, longitudinelle, kasus - kontroll studier samt systematiske litteraturstudier som inkluderte ... -
Multisite musculoskeletal pain in adolescence and later mental health disorders: a population-based registry study of Norwegian youth: the NAAHS cohort study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-02-01)<b>Objectives:</b> To examine the association between multisite musculoskeletal pain in adolescence and mental health disorders in young adulthood. <br><b>Design and setting: </b>Data were obtained from a linkage between the Norwegian Patient Registry (2008 – 2012) and the Norwegian Arctic Adolescent Health Study, a school-based survey conducted among 10th grade students in North Norway (2003 – ... -
The Nordic diet - possible health effects and approaches to the different food indexes. A literature study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2016-11-30)One way to overcome the preventable, non-communicable diseases which is a challenge to public health is to facilitate a healthy diet with a sufficient nutritional value. In the Nordic regions great efforts have been made to focus on the health impacts of the dietary pattern, issuing guidelines for dietary composition and recommended intake of nutrients. These recommendations, The Nordic Nutrition ... -
Adolescents and self-harm. A study of factors associated with suicide and use of health care services following self-harm in national representative populations of Norwegian adolescents
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2017-01-11)This thesis uses data recorded in Norwegian governmental health registers, as well as data collected in a nationwide school survey carried out in Norway, to study risk factors for suicide and factors associated with the use of health services following self-harm in adolescents. Paper I examined suicide in a population of half a million men with physician-diagnosed minor or major mental health ... -
Risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes: opportunities and perspectives of a birth registry-based study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2017-02-08)Background: Preterm birth, perinatal death, and birth of babies small for gestational age are amongst common adverse pregnancy outcomes. Maternal lifestyle, mothers’ health status before and during pregnancy, previous adverse pregnancy outcomes as well as socio-demographic factors all influence perinatal mortality, prematurity, and small for gestational age birth. To date, despite many studies of ... -
Suicidal tendencies as correlates of disability measures
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-07-27)Abstract Disabilities and resultant handicaps may impair health-related quality of life to the degree that individuals feel that life is not worth living. Using archived 2009 Canadian Community Health Survey data, this study found that each of seven measures of disabilities (Health Utilities Index sub-scales of problems in (1) vision, (2) hearing, (3) speech, (4) mobility, (5) dexterity, (6) ... -
Are physical activity and benefits maintained after long-term telerehabilitation in COPD?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016)This study investigated whether physical activity levels and other outcomes were maintained at 1-year from completion of a 2-year telerehabilitation intervention in COPD. During the post-intervention year, nine patients with COPD (FEV1 % of pred. 42.4±19.8%; age 58.1±6 years) were encouraged to exercise on a treadmill at home and monitor daily symptoms and training sessions on a webpage as during ... -
Self-Reported Food Hypersensitivity: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Comorbidities in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-12-16)<b>Background:</b> This study aims to investigate the prevalence of self-reported food hypersensitivity, (SFH), the characteristics of women with SFH, and whether SFH is associated with multiple health complaints among the participants of the Norwegian Women and Cancer study (NOWAC).<br> <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a cross-sectional study among 64,316 women aged 41–76 years. The women were ... -
Coping with worry while waiting for diagnostic results: a qualitative study of the experiences of pregnant couples following a high-risk prenatal screening result
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-10-21)<b>Background: </b>It is well documented that pregnant women experience increased worry and uncertainty following a high-risk prenatal screening result. While waiting for diagnostic results this worry continues to linger. It has been suggested that high-risk women put the pregnancy mentally ‘on hold’ during this period, however, not enough is known about how high-risk women and their partners ... -
How do general practitioners implement decision-making regarding COPD patients with exacerbations? An international focus group study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-12-08)<b>Purpose:</b> To explore the decision-making of general practitioners (GPs) concerning treatment with antibiotics and/or oral corticosteroids and hospitalization for COPD patients with exacerbations.<br> <b>Methods:</b> Thematic analysis of seven focus groups with 53 GPs from urban and rural areas in Norway, Germany, Wales, Poland, Russia, the Netherlands, and Hong Kong.<br> <b>Results:</b> ... -
Rural GPs’ attitudes toward participating in emergency medicine: a qualitative study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-11-09)<p><i>Objective: </i>Health authorities want to increase general practitioner (GP) participation in emergency medicine, but the role of the GP in this context controversial. We explored GPs’ attitudes toward emergency medicine and call outs.<br><p> <p><i>Design:</i> Thematic analysis of focus group interviews.<br><p> <p><i>Setting:</i> Four rural casualty clinics in Norway.<br><p> <p><i>Parti ... -
Practices and Attitudes Concerning Endometriosis Among Nurses Specializing in Gynecology.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-05-24)Endometriosis is a chronic disease affecting approximately 10% of fertile women. These women often have negative health care experiences. This study adds new knowledge about endometriosis care in a hospital setting and nurses’ attitudes toward the disease. To explore how the personal attitudes of gynecological nurses, their specialized knowledge, and their clinical experiences influenced the way ... -
Atherosclerotic risk factors and risk of myocardial infarction and venous thromboembolism; Time-fixed versus time-varying analyses. The Tromsø Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-09-16)<i>Background:</i> Single measurements of modifiable risk factors may underestimate associations with outcomes in cohorts. We aimed to compare risk estimates of myocardial infarction (MI) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) by atherosclerotic risk factors during long follow-up using time-fixed analyses without and with correction for regression dilution and time-varying analyses.<p> <p><i>Methods:</i> ...
