<i>Background</i> - Identification of the cognitive mechanisms behind gait changes in aging is a prime endeavor in gerontology and geriatrics. For this reason, we have implemented a new dual-task paradigm where an auditory attentional task is performed during over-ground walking. Dichotic listening assesses spontaneous attention and voluntary attention directed to right and left-ear. The uniqueness ...

Every day we make decisions that influence our well-being. Because of this, it is crucial that we make the most optimal decisions possible in order to minimize unnecessary loss or suffering. Some groups might be more vulnerable to making maladaptive choices, such as those suffering with chronic pain, which is associated with various cognitive impairments. As it currently stands there is not a clear ...

The social networking site Instagram provides users with an abundance of photos and information in many domains including sports. The posts are often intended to inspire and motivate users. We argue that the display of success and failure of professional athletes may influence elite athletes’ own sports ambitions. Research has shown that exposure to positive ingroup stereotypes and exposure to ...

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are increasingly prescribed as medication for various afective disorders during pregnancy. SSRIs cross the placenta and afect serotonergic neurotransmission in the fetus, but the neurobehavioral consequences for the ofspring remain largely unclear. Recent rodent research has linked perinatal SSRI exposure to alterations in both social and non-social ...

Repeatedly experiencing a specific stimulus-affect contingency influences subsequent evaluative responses towards the respective stimulus (e.g., evaluative conditioning). In the present research, we provide further evidence that verbally processed stimulus-affect contingencies in the form of if-then plans have comparable evaluative consequences. We present three studies (N = 323) in which participants ...

Objective: Respiratory function is linked to sensory, affective, and cognitive processes and it is affected by environmental constraints such as cognitive demands. It is suggested that specific cognitive processes, such as working memory or executive functioning, may impact breathing. In turn, various lines of research have suggested a link between peak expiratory airflow (PEF) and cognitive function. ...

Distraction and procedural preparation techniques are frequently used to manage pain and anxiety in children undergoing medical procedures. An increasing number of studies have indicated that Virtual Reality (VR) can be used to deliver these interventions, but treatment effects vary greatly. The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that have used VR to reduce procedural ...

Forskningslitteraturen viser til en dokumentert relasjon mellom traumer og psykose, der forekomsten av traumer er funnet signifikant høyere hos personer med psykose. Til tross for evidensbasert traumebehandling, så er det fortsatt en tendens til at pasientgruppen likevel ikke får denne behandlingsformen. Formålet med litteraturgjennomgangen var å undersøke effekt av evidensbasert traumebehandling ...

Psykoterapier for posttraumatisk stresslidelse (PTSD) som benyttes i primærhelsetjenesten, har høye frafallsrater og gir ikke adekvat behandlingseffekt for opptil halvparten av pasientene i klinisk setting. Farmakoterapi blir anvendt sammen med eller uten psykoterapi i behandling av PTSD, men fører ofte ikke til en tilfredsstillende bedring og kan føre til problematiske bivirkninger. Formålet med ...

Bakgrunn: Sykepleiere møter pasienter der kunnskaper og ferdigheter innen eksistensiell omsorg kan utgjøre en stor forskjell i hvordan pasientene håndterer eksistensielle utfordringer. Både helse- og utdanningsmyndigheter har klare forventninger om at sykepleiere har den nødvendige kompetansen til å ivareta pasientenes eksistensielle behov. En viktig forutsetning er da at undervisningstilbudet ved ...