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Now showing items 549-568 of 817
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Prepulse inhibition as an index of attentional processing. A comparison between young and elderly
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2006-11-01)Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is assumed to index attentional processes by inhibition of the startle reflex. By directing attention towards a weak stimulus, i.e., the prepulse, PPI is increased. We investigated controlled and automatic processes related to attention in young and elderly subjects. Both groups (n=41) attended to a task where they were to judge if length of a comparison tone was shorter ... -
Prestasjon på tradisjonelle nevropsykologiske tester samvarierer med synkrone lavfrekvente fluktuasjoner i hjernebarken under hvile
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2014-05-02)Sammendrag Formålet med studien var å undersøke sammenhengen mellom prestasjon på nevropsykologiske tester og styrken på funksjonelle hvilestadienettverk i hjernen. Det er funnet indikasjoner på at styrken på hjernens funksjonelle forbindelser korrelerer med- og predikerer kognitiv funksjon. Man har også funnet at hjernens funksjonelle anatomi observert ved hjerneavbildning er forskjellig hos ... -
The prestige of somatic and mental disporders : A suvey among health professionals and a representative general population sample
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2009)Objective: The purpose of the paper is to study the ranking of disorders according to their perceived importance. Previous studies suggest that rankings according to the perceived or attributed “value” or importance create informal hierarchies of disorders on normative attitudes about symptoms, treatment and outcome. In this work we studied disorder ranking in the general population and among health ... -
The prevalence of potentially traumatic events in the seventh survey of the population-based Tromsø study (Tromsø 7)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-20)Aims: Potentially traumatic events (PTEs) can have detrimental consequences for an individual’s physical and mental health. Exposure to PTEs is therefore increasingly assessed in population-based studies. Consistent with this trend, the most recent wave of the longitudinal population-based Tromsø study (Tromsø 7) in Northern Norway included a list of PTEs. The aim of the present study was to describe ... -
Preventing Alcohol Use with a Universal School-Based Intervention: Results from an Effectiveness Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-04-09)Background: The effectiveness of the universal school-based alcohol prevention program “Unge & Rus” [Youth & Alcohol] was tested by an independent research group. The program aims to prevent alcohol use and to change adolescents’ alcohol-related attitudes. The main outcome measure was frequency of monthly alcohol use, favorable alcohol attitudes, perceived behavioral control (PBC), positive alcohol ... -
Primingseffekten fra helsepåstand relatert til individuelle forskjeller i personlighet
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2009-05-04)Hensikten med studien var å se om studenter lar seg påvirke i liten eller stor grad av helseartikler. Det skrives mange artikler om helse og kosthold og ikke alle artiklene er like seriøse. Dette ble gjenspeilet i eksperimentet ved at artiklene i eksperimentet kun omtalte fabrikkerte forskningsfunn. Det viste seg at det var en primingseffekt av artikkelen, men ikke slik som forventet. For aroniagruppen ... -
Prior Action Direction of a Novel Agent Cues Spatial Attention in 7-Month-Old Infants
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-10-13)The present study investigated whether 7-month-old infants attribute directionality to an object after having observed it engage in agentive behavior and whether they maintain this attribution even when the agent is presented statically. Infants were familiarized with an object displaying either agentive behavioral cues (self-propelled, context-sensitive movement) or non-agentive motion (the same ... -
Prior Prognostic Expectations as a Potential Predictor in Neurofeedback Training.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-29)The present study evaluated whether subjects’ expectations and neurofeedback training performance predict neurofeedback efficacy in cognitive training by controlling both factors as statistical variables. Twenty-two psychology students underwent neurofeedback training, employing beta/theta protocol to enhance beta1 power (13–21 Hz) and suppress theta (4–7 Hz) power. Neurofeedback efficacy was evaluated ... -
Probabilistic inference in psychosis and autism
(Conference object; Konferansebidrag, 2017)Within the predictive coding framework the brain is defined as an inference machine that continuously tries to predict its sensory inputs on the basis of beliefs about the world and updates those beliefs in the presence of contradictory sensory data (i.e. prediciton errors; Friston, 2005). Neurobiologically, the weighting and further processing of those prediction errors is thought to be influenced ... -
Probing the neural signature of mind wandering with simultaneous fMRI-EEG and pupillometry
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-10-01)Mind wandering reflects the shift in attentional focus from task-related cognition driven by external stimuli toward self-generated and internally-oriented thought processes. Although such task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) are pervasive and detrimental to task performance, their underlying neural mechanisms are only modestly understood. To investigate TUTs with high spatial and temporal precision, we ... -
Procrastination and it's Negative Emotional Consequences. How are procrastination related to negative emotional consequences of procrastination and how can it be measured?
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2022-05-16)Forskning på prokrastinering har flere utfordringer som hindrer oss fra å forklare relasjonen mellom prokrastinering og variabler som prokrastinering har kjente relasjoner med. Denne studien har forsøkt å måle direkte konsekvenser av prokrastinering og videre analysere sammenhengen mellom prokrastinering og dens kjente relasjoner med negative konsekvenser av prokrastinering. På denne måten kan vi ... -
Procrastination and personal finances: Exploring the roles of planning and financial self-efficacy
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-04-05)Procrastination is related to unhealthy personal financial behaviors, such as postponing retirement savings, last minute shopping, and not paying bills on time. The present paper explores factors that could explain why procrastinators demonstrate more financial problems compared to non-procrastinators. Study 1 (N = 675) focused on planning, as both procrastination and poor financial habits are ... -
Procrastination: The Role of Interest: A quantitative study of individual interest role in student’s procrastination level
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-05-16)Procrastination describes a phenomenon where people voluntarily delay working on a task despite being aware of potential negative consequences. It’s been associated with negative consequences related to performance, well-being, and physical and mental health. One potential solution research has somewhat neglected in procrastination research is Interest. What research exist on this topic indicates ... -
Profiles of Perfectionism Among Adolescents Attending Specialized Elite- and Ordinary Lower Secondary Schools: A Norwegian Cross-Sectional Comparative Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-09-06)The versatile construct of perfectionism has been heavily debated, e.g., its nature or measurement constituents, how it influences performances or, most importantly, our health. Conventional linear analyses seem inadequate to address such challenges. Hence, we used a latent variable and a person-centered approach to identify different patterns of perfectionism, and their relationships with psychological ... -
Prokrastinering og personlig økonomi: Sammenhengen mellom utsettelsesadferd og økonomiske vansker
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2016-05-01)Prokrastinering - det å utsette ting selv om man vet man kan komme dårligere ut på grunn av utsettelsen - har fått stadig større oppmerksomhet i forskning og media de siste årene. Sammenhengen mellom prokrastinering og svekket helse, dårlige studievaner og redusert produktivitet er godt dokumentert. Foreliggende studie undersøkte sammenhengen mellom prokrastinering og personlig økonomi, den første ... -
Prokrastinering: en studie av sammenhengen mellom utsettelsesatferd og velvære blant studenter
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2013-05-02)Prokrastinering – det at man frivillig utsetter en planlagt handling slik at en blir dårligere stilt på grunn av utsettelsen – er et problem med selvregulering og er særlig utbredt blant studenter. Det foreligger lite forskning på fenomenet i Norge. Samtidig rapporterer mange studenter om vansker i sin studiehverdag, og det er sannsynlig at noe av forklaringen kan tilskrives prokrastinering. Hensikten ... -
Prolonged rather than hasty decision-making in schizophrenia using the box task. Must we rethink the jumping to conclusions account of paranoia?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-06-05)Jumping to conclusions (JTC) is the best established cognitive bias in schizophrenia and is increasingly targeted in interventions aimed to improve positive symptoms. To address shortcomings of the standard measure to capture JTC, the beads task, we developed a new variant—the box task—which was subsequently validated in people with elevated psychotic-like experiences. For the first time, the box ... -
Pros and Cons of Character Portrayals of Autism on TV and Film
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2017-11-23)Portrayals of characters with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or with autistic traits on film and in TV-series are increasing. Such portrayals may contribute in increasing awareness of the condition but can also increase stereotypes. Thus, these character portrayals are subject to heated debate within the ASD-community, but also in the general public at large. Following our recent published study ... -
A prospective study on the effect of selfreported health and leisure time physical activity on mortality among an ageing population: results from the Tromsø study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-04-28)<i>Background</i> - The prevailing Western ideal of ageing in place, with the option to stay at home as one ages, has led to the development of physical activity guidelines for people of advanced age to increase their quality of life and promote their functional abilities. This study investigates the effect of self-reported health and physical activity on mortality and examines how levels of ... -
Protein Appetite Drives Macronutrient-Related Differences in Ventral Tegmental Area Neural Activity
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-06-09)Control of protein intake is essential for numerous biological processes as several amino acids cannot be synthesized de novo, however, its neurobiological substrates are still poorly understood. In the present study, we combined in vivo fiber photometry with nutrient-conditioned flavor in a rat model of protein appetite to record neuronal activity in the VTA, a central brain region for the control ...
